Outline of chocolate

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to chocolate:

What is chocolate?

Chocolate – raw or processed food produced from the seed of the tropical Theobroma cacao tree.^[1] The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste, and must be fermented to improve the flavor. Chocolate is a popular ingredient in confectionery items and candies.

What type of thing is chocolate?

Chocolate is a type of:

Food – substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body, ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells in an effort to produce energy, maintain life, and/or stimulate growth.
- Confectionery – the set of food items that are rich in sugar, any one or type of which is called a confection. Modern usage may include substances rich in artificial sweeteners as well.
  - Candy – confection made from a concentrated solution of sugar in water, to which flavorings and colorants are added. Candies come in numerous colors and varieties and have a long history in popular culture.
- Ingredient – substance that forms part of a mixture (in a general sense). For example, in cooking, recipes specify which ingredients are used to prepare a specific dish. Chocolate is often used as an ingredient in dessert items, such as cakes and cookies.

What is chocolate made of?

Chocolate is created from the cacao bean. A cacao tree with fruit pods in various stages of ripening

Necessary ingredients

Cacao bean – the primary ingredient which characterizes chocolate
- Chocolate liquor or mass – ground or melted state of the nib of the cacao bean
- Cocoa butter – the fat component
- Cocoa solids, the nonfat part of the cacao bean which is ground into cocoa powder ^[2]

Substances found in cacao

Antioxidants –
- Flavonols –
- Catechins –
Caffeine – psychoactive stimulant drug found in coffee
Phenethylamine – psychoactive drug that is usually inactive when orally ingested because most of it is metabolized into phenylacetic acid by monoamine oxidase (MAO), preventing significant concentrations from reaching the brain^[3]^[4]
Theobromine – also known as xantheose,^[5] it contains no bromine ^[6] and has a similar, but lesser, effect to caffeine
Theophylline – methylxanthine drug found in tea leaves

Source of the cocao bean

^[7]

Cacao tree^[8] –
- Forastero – 80% made with this tree group
- Criollo – 10% made with this tree group
  - Cacao bean –
Côte d'Ivoire –
- Cocoa production in Côte d'Ivoire – accounts for 43% of cocoa
Children in cocoa production –

Optional ingredients

Lecithin –
Vanilla –
Sugar –
Milk –
Caramel-
Peanuts

Ingredients of white chocolate

White chocolate – Contains the same ingredients as chocolate but lack cocoa solids.^[9]

Types

Types of chocolate

Unsweetened chocolate – pure chocolate liquor mixed with fat to produce a solid substance; also known as "bitter", "baking chocolate" and "cooking chocolate"^[10]
Dark chocolate –
Milk chocolate –
Semisweet chocolate –
Bittersweet chocolate –
Couverture –
White chocolate –
Cocoa powder –
Compound chocolate –
Dutch process chocolate –
Scho-Ka-Kola – a chocolate brand containing coffee and cola nut^[11]

Production methods

Broma process –
Dutch process chocolate –

Producers and trade organizations

International Cocoa Initiative –
Cocoa Processing Company Limited – a Ghanaian cocoa processing company
Kuapa Kokoo – a Ghanaian farmers' cooperative organisation
List of bean-to-bar chocolate manufacturers
Chocolaterie
Chocolatier

Brands

List of chocolate bar brands

Comestibles

Chocolate pudding –
Chocolate syrup –
Chocolate cake –
- German chocolate cake –
- Wacky cake –
- Devil's food cake –
Cookies – (see also: List of cookies)
- Chocolate chip –
- Chocolate biscuit –
- Chocolate chip cookie –
- Black and white cookie –
- Afghan biscuit – a traditional New Zealand biscuit^[12]
- Chocolate brownie –
Chocolate spread –
Confectionery –
- Chocolate truffle –
- Chocolate crackles –
- Choco pie –
- Rum ball –
Chocolates –
- Swiss chocolate –
- Mint chocolate –
- Chocolate money –
Desserts –
- Molten chocolate cake –
- Chocolate salami –
Ice cream –
- Mint Chocolate Chip –
- Chocolate Chip –
Candy –
- Chocolate bar –
- Chocolate-coated raisin –
- Chocolate-coated peanut –
- Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats –
Cereals – (see also: List of breakfast cereals):
- Cocoa Frosted Flakes –
- Cocoa Puffs –
- Cocoa Krispies –
- Cookie Crisp –
Brand names:
- Death by Chocolate –

Drinks

A mug of hot chocolate. Chocolate was first drunk rather than eaten.^[10]

Cafe mocha –
Chocolate milk –
- Swiss Miss –
- Nesquik –
- Banania –
- Yoo-hoo –
Crème de cacao –
Hot chocolate –
more...

History

History of chocolate

Effects on health

Health effects of chocolate

Theobromine poisoning –

References

↑ "Theobroma cacao". Hort.purdue.edu. 1998-01-09. Retrieved April 2013. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
↑ CMA – Chocolate Manufacturers Association Archived February 21, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
↑ Yang HY, Neff NH (November 1973). "Beta-phenylethylamine: a specific substrate for type B monoamine oxidase of brain". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 187 (2): 365–71. ISSN 0022-3565. PMID 4748552.
↑ Suzuki O, Katsumata Y, Oya M (March 1981). "Oxidation of beta-phenylethylamine by both types of monoamine oxidase: examination of enzymes in brain and liver mitochondria of eight species". The Journal of Neurochemistry. 36 (3): 1298–301. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb01734.x. ISSN 0022-3042. PMID 7205271.
↑ William Marias Malisoff (1943). Dictionary of Bio-Chemistry and Related Subjects. Philosophical Library. pp. 311, 530, 573. ASIN B0006AQ0NU.
↑ Bennett, Alan Weinberg; Bonnie K. Bealer (2002). The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the World's Most Popular Drug. Routledge, New York. ISBN 0-415-92723-4.
↑ "Understanding cacao beans: Criollo, Trinitario and Forastero". Store.chocolatceleste.com. Retrieved April 2013. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
↑ "All about Chocolate – Varieties". Xocoatl.org. Retrieved April 2013. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
↑ The Nibble (2008-04-01). "White Chocolate". Thenibble.com. Retrieved April 2013. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
1 2 Archived March 17, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
↑ "Sarotti SCHO-KA-KOLA 100g (High Caffein Dark Chocolate 3.5oz)". Germandeli.com. Retrieved April 2013. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
↑ "Anne's Guiding Pages – Some Kiwi Recipes". Azmetro.com. Retrieved April 2013. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)

External links

Outline of chocolate at DMOZ
Glossary of Chocolate Terms
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Chocolate". Encyclopædia Britannica. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 259.
Food of the Gods A Popular Account of Cocoa – Freely downloadable book from Project Gutenberg

Outlines

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Chocolate

Overview	Outline History (in Spain)

Theobroma	Theobroma Theobroma cacao Theobroma grandiflorum Theobroma bicolor

Components	Cocoa bean Cocoa butter Cocoa solids Chocolate liquor

Drugs	Anandamide Caffeine Phenethylamine Theobromine Theophylline

Types	Types Baking Compound chocolate Couverture chocolate Dark chocolate Milk chocolate Modeling chocolate Organic chocolate White chocolate Raw chocolate

Products	Chocolate bar brands Chocolate beverages Chocolate biscuit Chocolate brownie Chocolate cake Chocolate chip Chocolate chip cookie Chocolate coins Chocolate crackles Chocolate gravy Chocolate ice cream Chocolate liqueur Chocolate milk Chocolate pudding Chocolate spread Chocolate syrup Chocolate truffle Chocolate-covered foods Cioccolato di Modica Fudge Ganache Hot chocolate Mint chocolate Mocaccino Mole sauce Belgian chocolate Swiss chocolate

Processes	Aerated chocolate Broma process Chocolate bloom Chocolate temper meter Conche Dutch process Enrober Sugar crust

Industry	Big Chocolate Children in cocoa production Chocolaterie Chocolatier The Dark Side of Chocolate European Cocoa and Chocolate Directive Ghana Cocoa Board Ghana production Harkin–Engel Protocol International Cocoa Organization Ivory Coast production Manufacturers (vertical) Nigeria production World Cocoa Foundation

Other topics	Chocoholic Chocolate fountain Chocolate museums Chocolatiers Health effects United States military chocolate

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