Organ Concerto (Poulenc)

The Concerto for Organ, Timpani and Strings in G minor is a concerto composed by Francis Poulenc for the organ between 1934 and 1938.^[1] It has become one of the most frequently performed pieces of the genre not written in the Baroque period.

History of composition

The organ concerto was commissioned by Princess Edmond de Polignac^[2] in 1934, as a piece with a chamber orchestra accompaniment and an easy organ part that the princess could probably play herself. The commission was originally given to Jean Françaix, who declined, but Poulenc accepted. Poulenc quickly abandoned this idea for something much more grandiose and ambitious; his earlier harpsichord concerto and double-piano concerto were simpler, more light-hearted pieces. As he wrote in a letter to Françaix, "The concerto...is not the amusing Poulenc of the Concerto for two pianos, but more like a Poulenc en route for the cloister."^[1] The death of a colleague and friend, the young critic and composer Pierre-Octave Ferroud, in the spring of 1936 made Poulenc go on a pilgrimage to the Black Virgin of Rocamadour, where he rediscovered his Christian faith. This new religious conviction not only nurtured an interest in religious music, which he began to compose, but also highly influenced his incomplete Organ Concerto.^[3] Indeed, Poulenc referred to it as being on the fringe of his religious works.^[1] Poulenc himself had never actually composed for the organ before, and so he studied great baroque masterpieces for the instrument by Johann Sebastian Bach and Dieterich Buxtehude; the work's neo-baroque feel reflects this. Poulenc was also advised about the instrument's registration and other aspects by the organist Maurice Duruflé.^[2] Duruflé was also the soloist in the private premiere of the work on 16 December 1938, with Nadia Boulanger conducting, at Princess Edmond's salon. The first public performance was in June 1939 at the Salle Gaveau in Paris, with Duruflé once again the soloist and Roger Désormière conducting.^[1]

Instrumentation

As the full title of the piece denotes, the piece is scored for a solo organ, timpani and a string orchestra. The piece uses such comparatively small forces, relative to Poulenc's other concertos (the Concert champêtre used a full orchestra as accompaniment),^[4] so that the piece could be played in a quite small space with an organ, such as Princess Edmond's salon, that were quite popular in France at the time. The piece would have been premiered on a Cavaillé-Coll instrument, as the company supplied many organs to private customers, one of whom was the princess.^[1]

Analysis

The piece is just over 20 minutes in duration^[3] and consists of a single continuous movement with seven tempo marks. Respectively, these are: Andante, Allegro giocoso, Subito andante moderato, Tempo allegro. Molto agitatio, Très calme: Lent, Tempo de l'allegro initial and Tempo d'introduction: Largo.^[2] Each movement often differs substantially in style, tone and texture. For example, the opening movements are loud and quite violent, with substantial organ chords; yet the following middle movements are much calmer, softer and more emotional.

Recordings

See also

• Concert champêtre
• List of compositions by Francis Poulenc
• Organ concerto

References

Francis Poulenc
Operas	Les mamelles de Tirésias Dialogues of the Carmelites La voix humaine
Ballets	Les biches Les Animaux modèles
Concertante	Concert champêtre Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra Organ Concerto Piano Concerto
Orchestral works	Sinfonietta
Chamber music	Rapsodie nègre Suite française Sextet Cello Sonata Flute sonata Clarinet Sonata Oboe Sonata
Piano music	Trois mouvements perpétuels Piano Suite Trois novelettes
Vocal music	Gloria Stabat Mater
Collaborations	L'éventail de Jeanne Les mariés de la tour Eiffel
Related articles	List of works List of Works for Piano Les Six Neoclassicism
Portal:Classical music