Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

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Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Traditional Chinese 全國人民代表大會常務委員會
Simplified Chinese 全国人民代表大会常务委员会

The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC; Chinese: 全国人民代表大会常务委员会) is a committee of about 150 members of the National People's Congress (NPC) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which is convened between plenary sessions of the NPC. It has the constitutional authority to modify legislation within limits set by the NPC, and thus acts as a de facto legislative body. It is led by a Chairman, China's top legislator, who is conventionally ranked third in China's political ranking system, after the General Secretary and President, which is usually one person, and the Premier of the State Council of PRC. The current Chairman is Zhang Dejiang.

The NPCSC also has the power to interpret the laws of the PRC, including its constitution. In contrast to other countries in which stare decisis gives the power of both final interpretation and adjudication to a supreme court, within the People's Republic of China constitutional and legal interpretation is considered to be a legislative activity rather than a judicial one, and the functions are split so that the NPCSC provides legal interpretations while the Supreme People's Court actually decides cases. Because an interpretation of the NPCSC is legislative in nature and not judicial, it does not affect cases which have already been decided.

A notable use of the constitutional interpretation power occurred in 1999 over the Right of Abode issue in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in Lau Kong Yung v. Director of Immigration.[1] The NPCSC interpreted the Basic Law of Hong Kong in accordance with the position taken by the Hong Kong government with respect to the eligibility of permanent residency in Hong Kong.

Chairman and Vice chairpersons of the 12th NPC Standing Committee

Elected by the 12th National People's Congress at its 1st session's 4th plenary meeting on March 14, 2013:

Chairman
Zhang Dejiang (b. November 1946): 3rd-ranked member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CCCPC).
Vice Chairpersons (13)
  1. Li Jianguo (b. April 1946): member of the Political Bureau of the 18th CCCPC; member of the 15th, 16th, 17th and 18th CCCPCs; chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions.
  2. Wang Shengjun (b. October 1946): member of the 18th CCCPC; former President of the Supreme People's Court (2008-2013).
  3. Chen Changzhi (b. July 1945): chairman of the Central Committee of the China Democratic National Construction Association.
  4. Yan Junqi (b. August 1946): chairwoman of the Central Committee of the China Association for Promoting Democracy.
  5. Wang Chen (b. December 1950): secretary-general of the current NPC Standing Committee; member of the 16th, 17th, and 18th CCCPCs, and deputy head of CCCPC Publicity Department.
  6. Shen Yueyue (female, b. January 1957): member of the 18th CCCPC; executive deputy head of the CCCPC Organization Department.
  7. Ji Bingxuan (b. November 1951): member of the 18th CCCPC; secretary of the CPC Heilongjiang Provincial Committee; chairman of the Standing Committee of the Heilongjiang Provincial People's Congress.
  8. Zhang Ping (b. January 1946): head of the National Development and Reform Commission (2008-2013).
  9. Qiangba Puncog (Tibetan, b. May 1947): vice secretary of the CPC Tibet Autonomous Regional Committee.
  10. Arken Imirbaki (Uygur, b. September 1953): chairman of the Standing Committee of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regional People's Congress.
  11. Wan Exiang (b. May 1956): Vice President of the Supreme People's Court (since 2002); chairman of the Central Committee of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (since 2012).
  12. Zhang Baowen (b. November 1946): member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (since 1998); chairman of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League (since 2012).
  13. Chen Zhu (b. August 1953): hematologist; academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Central Committee chairman, Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party (since 2012).

References

  1. ↑ "FACV Nos 10 and 11 of 1999". Judiciary of Hong Kong. 3 December 1999. Retrieved 11 March 2016.

See also

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