Mycoplasma salivarium

Mycoplasma salivarium
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Firmicutes
Class: Mollicutes
Order: Mycoplasmatales
Family: Mycoplasmataceae
Genus: Mycoplasma
Species: M. salivarium
Binomial name
Mycoplasma salivarium
Edward 1955
Synonyms

"Asterococcus salivarius" (Edward 1955) Prévot 1961, "Schizoplasma salivarium" (Edward 1955) Furness 1970

Mycoplasma salivarium is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma. This genus of bacteria lacks a cell wall around their cell membrane.[1] Without a cell wall, they are unaffected by many common antibiotics such as penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. Mycoplasma are the smallest bacterial cells yet discovered,[2] can survive without oxygen and are typically about 0. 1  µm in diameter. Mycoplasma salivarium is found in the mouths of 97% of the healthy population,[3] and is generally considered to be a commensal organism and part of the normal oral flora.

Mycoplasma salivarium has, however, been implicated in eye and ear disorders, oral infection, septic arthritis and periodontal disease.[4] This species has been isolated from synovial fluid from patients with chronic arthritis and from primates.[5] It has been recovered from a biliary stent.[6] It also was recovered from the pleural cavity of a hospitalized man who did not respond to the normal treatment of conventional antibiotics.[7] And it has been cultured from brain abscesses.[8] It has also been recently identified as a common finding in patients with ventilator-acquired pneumonia, a severe infection which can occur in patients in the intensive care unit,[9] and it may play a role in dampening down the immune response to other pathogens so allowing opportunistic infection to develop.[10]

The type strain is ATCC 23064 = IFO (now NBRC) 14478 = NCTC 10113.[11]

References

  1. ↑ Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 409–12. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
  2. ↑ Richard L. Sweet, Ronald S. Gibbs. Infectious Diseases of the Female Genital Tract. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009.
  3. ↑ Watanabe, T.; Matsuura, M.; Seto, K. (1986-06-01). "Enumeration, isolation, and species identification of mycoplasmas in saliva sampled from the normal and pathological human oral cavity and antibody response to an oral mycoplasma (Mycoplasma salivarium).". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 23 (6): 1034–1038. ISSN 0095-1137. PMC 268787Freely accessible. PMID 3711294.
  4. ↑ "Penn State Profiles - Mycoplasma salivarium". Pennsylvania State University. Retrieved 2015-04-21.
  5. ↑ Blanchard, Alain (2005). Mycoplasmas : molecular biology, pathogenicity and strategies for control. Wymondham: Horizon Bioscience. p. 291. ISBN 978-0849398612.
  6. ↑ Henrich, B.; Schmitt, M.; Bergmann, N.; Zanger, K.; Kubitz, R.; Haussinger, D.; Pfeffer, K. (2009). "Mycoplasma salivarium detected in a microbial community with Candida glabrata in the biofilm of an occluded biliary stent". Journal of Medical Microbiology. 59 (2): 239–241. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.013110-0. ISSN 0022-2615.
  7. ↑ Baracaldo, R.; Foltzer, M.; Patel, R.; Bourbeau, P. (2012). "Empyema Caused by Mycoplasma salivarium". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 50 (5): 1805–1806. doi:10.1128/JCM.06839-11. ISSN 0095-1137.
  8. ↑ ⊘rsted, I.; Gertsen, J.B.; Schønheyder, H.C.; Jensen, J.S.; Nielsen, H. (2011). "Mycoplasma salivarium isolated from brain abscesses". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 17 (7): 1047–1049. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03462.x. ISSN 1198-743X.
  9. ↑ Nolan, T. J.; Gadsby, N. J.; Hellyer, T. P.; Templeton, K. E.; McMullan, R.; McKenna, J. P.; Rennie, J.; Robb, C. T.; Walsh, T. S. (2016-04-12). "Low-pathogenicity Mycoplasma spp. alter human monocyte and macrophage function and are highly prevalent among patients with ventilator-acquired pneumonia". Thorax. 71: thoraxjnl–2015–208050. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-208050. ISSN 1468-3296. PMC 4941152Freely accessible. PMID 27071419.
  10. ↑ Nolan, T. J.; Gadsby, N. J.; Hellyer, T. P.; Templeton, K. E.; McMullan, R.; McKenna, J. P.; Rennie, J.; Robb, C. T.; Walsh, T. S. (2016-04-12). "Low-pathogenicity Mycoplasma spp. alter human monocyte and macrophage function and are highly prevalent among patients with ventilator-acquired pneumonia". Thorax. 71: thoraxjnl–2015–208050. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-208050. ISSN 1468-3296. PMC 4941152Freely accessible. PMID 27071419.
  11. ↑ Parte, A. C. "Mycoplasma". LPSN, bacterio.net. Retrieved 2015-04-20.
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