Morehouse College

Coordinates: 33°44′48″N 84°24′55″W / 33.74667°N 84.41528°W / 33.74667; -84.41528

Morehouse College

Former names	Atlanta Baptist Seminary Atlanta Baptist College
Motto	Latin: "Et Facta Est Lux"
Motto in English	And there is light[1]
Type	Private Liberal Arts Men's College HBCU
Established	1867
Endowment	$130 million [2]
President	John Silvanus Wilson, Jr.[3]
Students	2,193
Location	Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
Campus	61 acres, Urban[4]
Newspaper	The Maroon Tiger
Colors	Maroon and White
Athletics	NCAA Division II SIAC[5]
Nickname	Maroon Tigers[5]
Mascot	The Maroon Tiger
Affiliations	NAICU CIC Annapolis Group ORAU ACS Oberlin Group
Website	morehouse.edu

Morehouse College is a private, all-male, liberal arts, historically black college located in Atlanta, Georgia. The college is one of the few remaining traditional men's liberal arts colleges in the United States.^{[lower-alpha 1]}

Morehouse is the largest men's college in the United States with an enrollment over 2,000 students.^[6] The student-faculty ratio is 13:1. Along with Clark Atlanta University, Interdenominational Theological Center, Morehouse School of Medicine and nearby women's college Spelman College, Morehouse is part of the Atlanta University Center. In 1881, both Morehouse and Spelman students were studying in the basement of Atlanta's Friendship Baptist Church.

Morehouse is one of two historically black colleges in the country to produce Rhodes Scholars, and it is the alma mater of many African American leaders, including Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

History

Establishment

Just two years after the American Civil War, the Augusta Institute was founded by Rev. William Jefferson White, an Atlanta Baptist minister and cabinetmaker (William Jefferson White's half brother James E. Tate, was one of the founders of Atlanta University, now known as Clark Atlanta University), with the support of the Rev. Richard C. Coulter, a former slave from Atlanta, Georgia, and the Rev. Edmund Turney, organizer of the National Theological Institute for educating freedmen in Washington, D.C.^[7] The institution was founded to educate African American men in theology and education and was located in Springfield Baptist Church,(Augusta, Georgia), the oldest independent black church in the United States. The institution moved from Augusta, Georgia, to Atlanta, Georgia, in 1879. The school received sponsorship from the American Baptist Home Mission Society, an organization that helped establish several historically black colleges.^[7][8] The Institute's first president was Rev. Dr. Joseph T. Robert (1871-1884) (father of Brigadier General Henry Martyn Robert, author of Robert's Rules of Order). An anti-slavery Baptist minister from South Carolina and 1828 graduate of Brown University, Robert raised funds, taught the classes, and stabilized the institution.

Morehouse's History at a glance

1867	Augusta Institute established[7]
1879	Institute moved to Atlanta and name changed to Atlanta Baptist Seminary[7]
1885	The seminary moved to its present location[7]
1897	The school was renamed Atlanta Baptist College[7]
1913	School renamed to Morehouse College[7]
1929	Morehouse entered into a cooperative agreement with Clark College and Spelman College (later expanded to form the Atlanta University Center)[7]
1975	The Morehouse School of Medicine established
1981	The Morehouse School of Medicine became independent from Morehouse College

Early years

In 1879, the institute moved to its own location and changed its name to the Atlanta Baptist Seminary.^[7] It later acquired a 4-acre (1.6 ha) campus in downtown Atlanta. In 1885, Dr. Samuel T. Graves became the second president. That year the seminary moved to its present location, on land donated by prominent Baptist and industrialist, John D. Rockefeller. In 1890, Dr. George Sale became the seminary's third president.

In 1906 Dr. John Hope became the first African-American president and led the institution's growth in enrollment and academic stature.^[7] He envisioned an academically rigorous college that would be the antithesis to Booker T. Washington's view of agricultural and trade-focused education for African-Americans. In 1913, the college was renamed Morehouse College, in honor of Dr. Henry L. Morehouse, corresponding secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society (who had long organized Rockefeller and the Society's support for the College).^[7][8] Morehouse entered into a cooperative agreement with Clark College and Spelman College in 1929 and later expanded the association to form the Atlanta University Center.^[7]

Dr. Samuel H. Archer became the fifth president of the college in 1931 and selected the school colors, maroon and white, to reflect his own alma mater, Colgate University. Dr. Benjamin Elijah Mays became president in 1940.^[7] Mays, who would be a mentor to Martin Luther King, Jr., presided over the growth in international enrollment and reputation. During the 1960s, Morehouse students were actively involved in the civil rights movement in Atlanta.^[7] Mays’ speeches were instrumental in shaping the personal development of Morehouse students during his tenure.

In 1967, Dr. Hugh M. Gloster became the seventh president. The following year, the college's Phi Beta Kappa Honors Society was founded. In 1975, Dr. Gloster established the Morehouse School of Medicine, which became independent from Morehouse College in 1981. Gloster also established a dual-degree program in engineering with the Georgia Institute of Technology, University of Michigan and Boston University.^[9]

Modern history

Dr. Leroy Keith, Jr., was named president in 1987. In 1995, alumnus Dr. Walter E. Massey, became Morehouse's ninth president. His successor, Dr. Robert Michael Franklin was the tenth president of the College. In November 2012, Dr. John Silvanus Wilson Jr., an alumnus of Morehouse College, was announced as the institution's 11th president.

In 2007, Morehouse graduated 540 men, one of the largest classes in its history.^[10] On May 16, 2008, Joshua Packwood became the first white valedictorian to graduate in the school's 141-year history.^[11][12] In August 2008, Morehouse welcomed a total of 920 new students (770 freshmen and 150 transfer students) to its campus, one of the largest entering classes in the history of the school.^[13]

Morehouse celebrated several historic milestones in 2013. 100 years ago, in 1913, Atlanta Baptist College was renamed Morehouse College after Henry Lyman Morehouse, corresponding secretary for the American Baptist Home Mission Society. 2013 is also the 50th anniversary of the 1963 March on Washington, when Morehouse graduate the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., class of 1948, delivered his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech in Washington, D.C. The year also marks the 50th anniversary of King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail." The College also celebrated the 25th anniversary of the "A Candle in the Dark" Gala, which honors some of the world's leaders and raises scholarship funds for Morehouse students.

In May 2013, President Barack Obama became the first sitting president in three quarters of a century to deliver a commencement address in Georgia when he took part in Morehouse College's 129th Commencement ceremony. Franklin Delano Roosevelt gave a summer commencement address at the University of Georgia in 1938. President Obama received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Morehouse.^[14]

Administration and organization

Morehouse's governing body is its Board of Trustees. The Morehouse Board of Trustees has 37 members, including 3 student trustees and 3 faculty trustees. As of December 2014, five of the six executive board members and seven of the 31 general trustees are Morehouse alumni.

The President of the College is the senior executive officer, appointed officially by the Board of Trustees. The current President of Morehouse is John Silvanus Wilson, Jr., a 1979 alumnus of Morehouse, a professor of education and the former executive director of the White House Initiative for Historically Black Colleges and Universities. The President's Office has 8 divisions within its "administrative cabinet" - Academic Affairs (headed by the Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs), General Counsel, Business and Finance, Campus Operations, Information Technology, Institutional Advancement and Student Affairs.

Morehouse's majors and programs are divided into three divisions: the Division of Business Administration & Economics; the Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, and the Division of Science & Mathematics. Each division is headed by a dean.

Morehouse's students are represented by two main bodies. The Morehouse Student Government Association is an executive board with 13 members who are elected annually. There is also the Campus Alliance for Student Activities (CASA), a 17-member board responsible for co-curricular planning across campus.

Morehouse's official sister college is Bennett College for Women, located in Greensboro, North Carolina. Bennett College students often travel from North Carolina to Atlanta for Morehouse events, such as homecoming; Morehouse College students do the same trip in reverse for some Bennett events.

Morehouse is also a member of the Atlanta University Center, a consortium of the historically black colleges and universities Spelman College, Clark Atlanta University, the Interdenominational Theological Center, and Morehouse School of Medicine. The AUC campuses are co-located in the city of Atlanta, which provides an opportunity for cross-registration and social intermingling amongst the students there, particularly the undergraduate population.

Campus

Morehouse is located on 61 acres (25 ha) campus near downtown Atlanta.^[4] The campus does not have a comprehensive sustainability program, but does operate recycling programs for paper, toner and ink jet printer cartridges.^[15]

Buildings

• Archer Hall, named after the fifth president of Morehouse College, Samuel H. Archer, holds the College's recreational facilities such as its gymnasium, swimming pool, and game room. The gymnasium seats 1,000 people and was used by the College's basketball team before Franklin Forbes Arena was built.
• B. T. Harvey Stadium/Edwin Moses Track is a 9,000-seat stadium built in 1983. The track is named after the only alumnus to win an Olympic gold medal. At the time of the stadium's completion, it was the largest on-campus stadium at any private HBCU in the nation ^[16]
• Brawley Hall, named after Benjamin Griffith Brawley, houses the college's History, English, Language, and Art departments.
• Brazeal Hall is a dormitory built in 1991. It housed athletes during the time of the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta. Brazeal Hall originally housed upperclassmen, though it currently serves as a freshmen dorm.
• Ray Charles Performing Arts Center and Aretha Robinson Music Academic Building is a 76,000-square-foot (7,100 m²) facility dedicated on September 29, 2010.^[17]
• Chivers Hall/Lane Hall is the cafeteria of the college. It seats 600 people and is attached to Mays Hall. The Sadie Mays lounge, named for the wife of Dr. Mays, connects Mays Hall and Chivers Hall.
• Dansby Hall houses the school's Physics, Psychology, and Mathematics departments.
• Douglass Hall (also known as LRC (Learning Resource Center)) was originally built as the school's student center but today houses the college archives and a computer lab.
• DuBois Hall is a freshman dorm erected in 1973, named after philosopher W.E.B. Du Bois.
• Forbes Arena is a 5,700 capacity seat arena, built for the 1996 Olympic Games. It is now the main gymnasium for the college's basketball team and holds many events year round.
• Graves Hall, named after the second president of Morehouse College, Samuel T. Graves, is an honors dormitory. When constructed in the 1880s, it was the tallest building in Atlanta. When the college relocated to the West End area, student housing, classrooms, and administration offices were all contained within the building.
• Hope Hall was named after John Hope, the first African American president (fourth president) of Morehouse College. When erected, it was known as the Science Building, then later the Biology Building. Through the years, the building became too small for classroom use and now holds laboratories for departments that are in other buildings. Hope Hall includes the offices of the Public Health Sciences Institute.
• Hubert Hall is a freshman dorm named after Charles D. Hubert, who was an acting president from 1938 to 1940.
• Kilgore Campus Center houses administrative offices, as well as several seminar rooms and lounges. A separate area of the building serves as a dormitory. Archer Hall, B.T. Harvey Stadium, and the exterior of Graves Hall are featured in the Spike Lee film School Daze.
• Leadership Center houses the Business Administration and Economics departments as well as other offices. It also has a 500-seat auditorium and an executive conference center. The building was completed in 2005.
• Living Learning Center (LLC) was formerly known as Thurman Hall. It is one of the school's freshman dorms.
• Martin Luther King International Chapel/Gloster Hall was built in 1978 as the new auditorium and administration building for Morehouse College, replacing Sale and Harkness halls (Harkness is now a Clark Atlanta University structure). It is home to the Gandhi–King–Ikeda Reconciliation Institute.
• Mays Hall was named after the sixth president of Morehouse College, Benjamin Mays. It houses dorm rooms and is the headquarters for residence life for the college.
• Merrill Hall, named after Charles E. Merrill Jr., a chairman of the College's Board of Trustees, became the chemistry building. The 2000s (decade) saw Merrill Hall undergo a renovation that doubled its size. Its new corridor is called John Hopps Technology Tower, which houses the Computer Science department.
• Nabrit-Mapp-McBay Hall was erected in 1987. The building is also known as Bio-Chem from a plaque at the corridor stating that the building was built to house the Biology and Chemistry classrooms. It now holds the Biology department. It was named for distinguished science professors Samuel M. Nabrit, Frederick Mapp, and Henry McBay.
• Otis Moss Jr. Residential Suites are apartment, studio, and suite dwellings built in 2003. The Suites were renamed in spring 2006, after Otis Moss Jr. (class of 1956), former chair of Morehouse's Board of Trustees.
• Perdue Hall is a residences hall built around the time of the 1996 Summer Olympics. It housed athletes during the 1996 Olympic events.
• Robert Hall, named after Joseph T. Robert, the first president of the College, was erected to be the College's first residence hall. When built, there was a cafeteria in its basement. Today the basement houses a post office.
• Sale Hall, named after the third president, was built to contain classrooms. Today, it is the department building for religion and philosophy courses. On the second floor, a small auditorium, called the Chapel of the Inward Journey, was used for religious and commencement proceedings. Today, the chapel is still used for recitals, pageants, and student government association election debates.
• Wheeler Hall is a building used primarily by the Political Science and Sociology departments.
• White Hall is a freshman residence hall, named after the College's founder.

Monuments

A bronze statue of Martin Luther King, Jr. stands at the eastern portion of the main entrance plaza of the Martin Luther King, Jr. International Chapel. Inscribed in the base of the statue are the words of Dr. King.

An obelisk named in honor of Howard Thurman stands at the western end of the main entrance plaza of King Chapel. The base of the Thurman Obelisk contains the remains of Dr. Thurman and his wife. The obelisk also houses a carillon.

The grave sites of two presidents of Morehouse College are located on campus:

• A statue of Benjamin Mays stands atop a marble monument situated in front of Graves Hall. This monument marks the graves of President Mays and his wife, Sadie Gray Mays. Behind the graves are memoirs and a time capsule set to be opened in May 2095.
• Hugh Morris Gloster, seventh president of Morehouse College and founder of Morehouse School of Medicine, is buried in the eastern lawn of the College's main administration building bearing his name.

Academics

Morehouse College is accredited by the Commission and Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees. Students may choose from over 26 majors and may participate in the Morehouse College Honors Program which is a four-year comprehensive program providing special learning opportunities for students of outstanding intellectual ability, high motivation, and broad interests.

In 2008, the student body consisted of 2,500 black-non-Hispanic, 66 non-resident aliens, 9 Hispanics, 7 white-non-Hispanics, 4 native Americans, and 21 unidentified race or ethnicity.^[18] Morehouse College has received considerable attention as an outstanding national leader among liberal arts colleges from an array of media and ranking agencies. CNN quoted Sterling Hudson, the former dean of admissions, as saying, "Like every other college, we're interested in diversity. So, if a white student becomes interested in Morehouse - of course we are going to treat him like any other student."^[19]

Morehouse sponsors "Project Identity," a federally funded program to stimulate interest among high school students to attend college. Project Identity conducts Saturday and summer programs for high school students to give minority students exposure to college academic life.^[20]

High School juniors in the Atlanta area may gain admission into Morehouse's Joint Enrollment program which allows a high school senior to enroll in Morehouse classes and earn credits toward both a Morehouse degree as well as a high school diploma.^[21]

Morehouse annually accepts approximately between 60 to 80 percent of all applicants.^[22]

Historically, Morehouse has conferred more bachelor's degrees on black males than any other institution in the nation.^[23]

Division of Science & Mathematics

Historically black colleges and universities, which grant bachelor's degrees to 30 percent of the African Americans who pursue majors in science and engineering, continue to play a critical role in this regard. Since the 1989-90 academic year, the number of degrees awarded by the member institutions of The College Fund/UNCF have increased 64 percent in biology, 39 percent in mathematics, and 31 percent in physics and chemistry. At Morehouse College, more than 1/3 of graduates are in science and engineering. Morehouse received federal support to establish a Center of Excellence in Science, Mathematics and Engineering Education. The Center's mission is to increase the number of underrepresented groups pursuing careers in science, mathematics and engineering by providing scholarships and recruiting male and female high school students to participate in intensive summer programs, and by providing professional development activities and research experiences for public high school teachers.

Rankings

• As of 2016, Morehouse is the #1 men's colleges for producing Rhodes Scholars. Morehouse ties with Howard University for producing the most Rhodes Scholars from a HBCU and ties with Harvard for producing the most black male Rhodes Scholars.^[24][25]
• As of 2016, Morehouse is the #1 baccalaureate-origin institution of black male doctorate recipients.^[26][27]
• In 2016, TrendTopper MediaBuzz College Guide ranked Morehouse as the #1 HBCU with the best brand.^[28]
• In 2016, The Alumni Factor ranked Morehouse among the best 50 colleges in the nation. Morehouse was the only Georgia institution in the top 50 list.^[29]
• Forbes magazine annually places Morehouse on its "America's Top Colleges" list.^[30]
• Morehouse was ranked #4 among the nation's Historically Black Colleges and Universities in the U.S. News & World Report 2017 rankings.^[31]
• Morehouse was ranked #127 of the best National Liberal Arts Colleges in the U.S. News 2011 Report.^[32]
• Morehouse is among the top producers of Fulbright Scholars in Georgia.
• Morehouse is also one of only four historically black colleges ranked in the top tier among the nation's Best Liberal Arts Colleges according to the U.S. News and World Reports 2011 rankings.
• In 2011, Morehouse received a rarely awarded grade of "A" for its overall core curriculum and was counted among the "hidden gems" in the What Will They Learn?™ project conducted by the American Council of Trustees and Alumni.^[33]
• In 2010, according to the Huffington Post, Morehouse ranks among America's Most Grueling Colleges.^[34]
• According to a 2007 joint publication by Newsweek and Kaplan, Inc., Morehouse College was one of the "25 Hottest Schools in America" and the "Hottest Men's College".^[35]
• Newsweek ranks Morehouse among the nation's Best Colleges for the Service Minded.
• In addition to the above rankings, in 2009 and 2010, the U.S. News reported that America's high school College Counselors ranked Morehouse College # 68 among the Best Liberal Arts Colleges in the Nation for their students.^[36]
• In 2008, Morehouse College was listed among 10 Great Schools for Networking by Forbes magazine.^[37]
• A 2008 National Science Foundation study found that of over 3,000 colleges and universities in the U.S., Morehouse College was the fifth biggest producer of African Americans who eventually earned PhDs in the STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics).^[38]
• In a 2003 study, Morehouse was ranked #29 by The Wall Street Journal as being one of the "Top 50 Feeder Schools" for elite graduate and professional schools .^[39][40]
• Morehouse was ranked #1 three times in a row (2002–2004) as the best school for African Americans for undergraduate study by Black Enterprise magazine.^[41]

Library and collections

Morehouse College, along with other members of the Atlanta University Center, share the Robert W. Woodruff Library.^[42]

Morehouse College is home to a 10,000-piece collection of original documents written by Martin Luther King, Jr. (referred to as the King Collection). The set was valued by the Library of Congress as being worth between $28 to $30 million and was originally scheduled by his family to be auctioned off to the general public in 2006, but private donors in Atlanta intervened and offered a pre-auction bid at $32 million. On June 29, it was announced by Atlanta Mayor Shirley Franklin, a key catalyst in the buyout, that a new civil rights museum would be built in the city to make the documents available for research, public access and exhibits. Coca Cola donated a land parcel valued at $10 million in order to assist with the development of the project. The collection includes King's 1964 Nobel Prize acceptance speech.^{[43][44][45][46]}

Student life

New Student Orientation

Morehouse's New Student Orientation (NSO) is an eight-day experience that culminates with new students ceremoniously initiated as "Men of Morehouse." New students learn about the legacy of the college, academic divisions, the brotherhood, and the "Morehouse Mystique." These components compliment academic success strategies designed to help students to successfully matriculate to "Morehouse Men" (graduates). NSO is led by Morehouse students, staff and alumni.^[47]

Regulation of student conduct

In October 2009, Morehouse College initiated a campus wide attire policy that prohibits students from wearing women's clothes, jewelry on their teeth, pajamas as classroom attire, tight fitting caps or bandannas on their heads, or pants which hang below the waist at official college-sponsored events. This dress code is part of the Five Wells which holds that "Morehouse Men are Renaissance Men with a social conscience and global perspective who are Well-Read, Well-Spoken, Well-Traveled, Well-Dressed and Well-Balanced."^[48] Dr. William Bynum, vice president for Student Services was quoted by CNN as saying, "We are talking about five students who are living a gay lifestyle that is leading them to dress [in] a way we do not expect in Morehouse men."^[49] These remarks and the attire policy itself have been the source of great controversy both on and off the campus. President Franklin personally sent out an email to the schools' alumni, clarifying that the university's attire policy is not intended as an affront to gays.^[50]

Activities

Morehouse College offers organized and informal co-curricular activities including over 80 student organizations, varsity, club, and intramural sports, and student publications.^[51] Morehouse is a NCAA Division II school and competes in numerous sports, including football, baseball, basketball, cross country, and track & field.

Morehouse Marching Band

The Morehouse College Marching Band is known for their halftime performances which combine dance and marching with music from various genres, including rap, traditional marching band music, and pop music. They have performed at Super Bowl XXVIII, the Today Show, at Atlanta Falcons home games, and in a national commercial with Morehouse alumnus Samuel Jackson.^[52] They gave the halftime show during the 2013 NCAA Men's National Championship basketball game. Affectionately known as the "House of Funk" they march alongside Spelman's Maroon Mystique Color guard (flag spinning) squad and Mahogany-N-Motion dance team.

Debate Team

In 2005, Morehouse College became a member of the American Mock Trial Association (AMTA).^[53] The school is one of only four competing teams to come from a historically black college and is also the only all-male team in the AMTA.

From 2006 to 2010, Morehouse consecutively won their regional championship competitions, and thus received direct trips to the AMTA national championship competitions in Iowa, Florida, and Minnesota.^[54]

Glee Club

Founded in 1911, the Morehouse College Glee Club has a long and impressive history. The Glee Club performed at Martin Luther King Jr.'s funeral, President Jimmy Carter's inauguration, Super Bowl XXVIII, and the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. The Glee Club's international performances include tours in Africa, Russia, Poland and the Caribbean. The group also appeared on the soundtrack for the movie School Daze, directed by notable Morehouse alum (c/o 1979), Spike Lee. Most recently, the Morehouse College Glee Club was invited to perform at the ABCUSA 2011 Conference in Puerto Rico. Also, the glee club studio-recorded a song for Spike Lee's "Red Hook Summer" entitled Zachary and the Scaly-Bark Tree.

The Maroon Tiger

The college's weekly student-run newspaper is The Maroon Tiger. Originally founded in 1898 as The Athenaeum, it was renamed in 1925. American poet and writer Thomas Dent was a contributor while he attended from 1948 to 1952,^[55] as was Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The 2008–2009 staff sought to expand the newspaper into a news organization by creating Morehouse's first television news program, Tiger TV, and advancing online news coverage.

Miss Maroon & White

Every spring semester, several qualified Spelman College juniors vie for the prestigious title of Miss Maroon & White through a formal pageant and campaign process. Only Morehouse students can vote to determine the winner which is the contestant that is most symbolic of the ideal counterpart of a Morehouse man. Miss Maroon & White and her court (two runner-ups) serve as official Morehouse ambassadors and collectively represent the female embodiment of the institution for a year. The tradition of crowning a Spelman student as Miss Maroon & White began in 1936 and is the oldest pageant title in the Atlanta University Center.^[56][57]

National fraternities and honor societies

Morehouse College has chapters of several national fraternities and honor societies:

NPHC

• Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity (Alpha Rho chapter)
• Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity (Grand Pi chapter)
• Omega Psi Phi fraternity (Psi chapter)
• Phi Beta Sigma fraternity (Chi Chapter)
• Iota Phi Theta Fraternity (Alpha Pi chapter)

NON-NPHC

• The Tiger 6- MAA'T Chapter of Groove Phi Groove Social Fellowship, Inc.

Honor Societies

Religious organizations

Campus religious organizations include the Atlanta University Center Catholic Student Coalition, King International Chapel Ministry, Martin Luther King International Chapel Assistants, King Chapel Choir, Muslim Students Association, New Life Inspirational Fellowship Church Campus Ministry, and The Outlet.^[51]

Athletics

In sports, the Morehouse College Maroon Tigers are affiliated with the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC). Morehouse College competes in football, baseball, basketball, cross country, tennis, track & field and golf.

The Morehouse swim team is called the Tigersharks. From 1958 till 1976 the swim team had 255 wins and only 25 losses, with over 15 SIAC championships, making it the most winning sports team in Morehouse history.^[58] It beat Emory University and Georgia Tech in dual meets in different seasons. The team also appeared in Jet and Ebony magazines, Black Sports, and Sports Illustrated throughout the 1960s and 1970s, and is presently being considered as honorary inductees into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. Actor Samuel L. Jackson was once the team statistician and apprentice swimmer. Some of the swimmers had competed in NCAA and NAIA competition at various times throughout the team's history. The team was disestablished in 1976, and the funds were transferred to build the Morehouse School of Medicine, which separated from Morehouse in 1981.^[59] During the years of 1966 to 1970, their star butterfly swimmer was Bobby Garcia, now filmmaker Robert G. Christie (IMBD.com). His film, The Sobbing Stone, was nominated Best Feature Drama at the Sabaoth International Film Festival in Milan, Italy in 2006. A screenplay of his years at Morehouse is soon to be made into a major motion picture.

In 2000, Morehouse's part-time soccer coach, Augustine Konneh (who had lobbied to get soccer elevated to varsity status two years earlier) signed two Nigerian-born players to play for the Maroon Tigers even though they had played professionally for the Atlanta Ruckus of the A-League two years earlier. They also played a few games for Morehouse before they actually enrolled at the school. Despite obvious red flags in their applications—they would have been only grade-school age when they enrolled at the University of Liberia, and one of them couldn't provide a transcript of his collegiate coursework—Morehouse admitted them. Even though the school's athletic director received word that the two players might have been ineligible, they were allowed to play in 2001 as well. Although Konneh was replaced as coach in 2001, numerous other violations—including a player being allowed to compete without proper paperwork—led Morehouse to cancel the 2003 season. In November 2003, the NCAA barred Morehouse from fielding a soccer team again until 2006—in effect, extending the self-imposed cancellation for an additional two seasons. It was the first multi-year shutdown of an athletic program since the NCAA adopted the "repeat violator" rules. It also slapped Morehouse with five years' probation—the longest that can be imposed under the NCAA constitution, and tied for the longest probation ever. USA Today called it the harshest penalty ever handed down to a collegiate program. The Division II infractions committee came down particularly hard on Morehouse because of a lack of institutional control; for a time the athletic department did not know the soccer program even existed. While this was Morehouse's first major infractions case, the NCAA felt compelled to impose the death penalty because of what it called "a complete failure" to keep the program in compliance. Soccer at Morehouse has since reverted to intramural status; school officials had planned to shutter varsity soccer for an indefinite period even before the NCAA acted.

Notable alumni

Morehouse alumni include notable African-Americans such as: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., theologian Howard Thurman, businessman and former 2012 Republican presidential candidate Herman Cain, Secretary of Homeland Security in 2013 Jeh Johnson, NFL Referee Jerome Boger, filmmaker Spike Lee, filmmaker Robert G. Christie (a.k.a. Bobby Garcia), actor Samuel L. Jackson, U.S. Congressman Sanford D. Bishop, Gang Starr rapper Guru, Olympic gold medalist Edwin Moses, Lloyd McNeill, Jazz flutist, USPS Kwanza Stamp designer, the first recipient of Howard University's MFA Degree, former Bank of America Chairman Walter E. Massey, the first African-American mayor of Atlanta Maynard Jackson, Major League Baseball first baseman and 1969 World Series MVP Donn Clendenon, former Secretary of Health and Human Services Louis W. Sullivan, former United States Surgeon General David Satcher, entrepreneur and award-winning technologist Paul Q. Judge, keyboardist for Maroon 5 PJ Morton, author Jared Sawyer Jr and Sunday Best season 7 winner Geoffrey Golden. Montgomery County Alabama Circuit Court Judge Greg Griffin.

According to Morehouse's own "About Us" page, Morehouse was the first historically black college to produce a Rhodes Scholar. The school's first Rhodes Scholar, Nima Warfield, was named in 1994, the second, Christopher Elders, in 2001.^[60] A third, Oluwabusayo "Topé" Folarin, was named in 2004, the fourth, Prince Abudu, was named in 2015.^[24] Morehouse has been home to eleven Fulbright Scholars. Since 1999, Morehouse has produced five Marshall Scholars, five Luce Scholars, four Watson Fellows and 2010 White House Fellow, Erich Caulfield.^[61][62] Previous Watson Fellows include, Craig Marberry '81, Kenneth Flowers '83 and Lynn P. Harrison III '79.

Presidents Barack Obama and Jimmy Carter hold honorary doctorates of laws from Morehouse.^[14]

Oprah Winfrey Scholars

In 1990, entertainer Oprah Winfrey pledged to put 100 men through Morehouse. She made a donation to establish the “Oprah Winfrey Endowed Scholarship Fund”. The school uses the fund to select deserving students based on academic achievement and financial need. Selected students are deemed “Oprah Scholars” or “Sons of Oprah”. Their financial support covers most of the costs of their education including prior student debt.^[63] Recipients must maintain their grade point average and provide additional volunteer support to the community.^[64]

In 2004 Oprah increased her donation by $5 million for a total donation of $12 million. The fund has since supported over 400 students. This made her the largest single donor to Morehouse.^[65] In 2011, several hundred Oprah Scholars surprised Oprah by showing up at her final TV show carrying candles to thank her for her generosity. They, in turn, pledged $300,000 to help educate future Morehouse students.^[66]

Notes

References

Sources

• Addie Louise Joyner Butler, The Distinctive Black College: Talladega, Tuskegee, and Morehouse (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1977).
• Leroy Davis, A Clashing of the Soul: John Hope and the Dilemma of African American Leadership and Black Higher Education in the Early Twentieth Century (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1998).
• Edward A. Jones, A Candle in the Dark: A History of Morehouse College (Valley Forge, Pa.: Judson Press, 1967). Moss Kendrix, P.R icon

External links

Media related to Morehouse College at Wikimedia Commons

• Official website
• Morehouse College Athletics website