Mohammed Burhanuddin

Mohammed Burhanuddin 52nd Dā'ī al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohra
delivering sermon during his Yemen visit in 2010
Born	(1912-03-06)6 March 1912 Surat, Gujarat, British Raj
Died	17 January 2014(2014-01-17) (aged 101) Malabar Hill, Mumbai, India
Cause of death	Cardiac arrest[1]
Resting place	Raudat Tahera, Mumbai
Style	His Holiness
Term	1965–2014
Predecessor	Syedna Taher Saifuddin
Successor	Disputed between two claimants: Khuzaima Qutbuddin[2] and Mufaddal Saifuddin.[3][4][4][5]
Religion	Islam (Dawoodi Taiyabi Mustaali Ismaili Shia)
Spouse(s)	Aaisaheba Amatullah
Children	Mufaddal Saifuddin, Qaidjoher Ezzuddin
Parent(s)	Taher Saifuddin Aaisaheba Husaina
Relatives	Khuzaima (half-brother) Taher (half-nephew)
Awards	Star of Jordan, Order of the Nile[1]
Signature

Mohammed Burhanuddin (Arabic: سیدنا محمد برھان الدین‎‎; 6 March 1912 – 17 January 2014)^[6] was the 52nd Dā'ī al-Mutlaq of Dawoodi Bohras, a subgroup within the Mustaali, Ismaili Shia branch of Islam.^[7] He was appointed as the 52nd Dā'ī al-Mutlaq at the age of 52 in 1967.^[8] He was the longest living Dā'ī al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohra community.^[9][10] Upon the death of Burhanuddin the yet unresolved succession crisis owing to the 53rd Syedna succession controversy (Dawoodi Bohra) lead to two claimants vying for the post of Dā'ī of Dawoodi Bohra leading to various cases filed in Bombay High Court on the succession issue of Dawoodi Bohras. After the death of the claimant Khuzaima the succession suit is currently being led by Taher Fakhruddin the son of Khuzaima Qutbuddin.^[11] Compared to those of his predecessor, Burhanuddin's policies were aimed at Islamization of his sect.^[12]

Burhanuddin was presented the highest national civic honors by the leaders of Egypt and Jordan.^[13] He was the first Dā'ī al-Mutlaq to visit Europe and America.^[14]

Early life

Burhanuddin was born to Taher Saifuddin and Aaisaheba Husaina Aaisaheba in Surat in the Indian state of Gujarat.^[10][15]:16 At the age of twelve, he survived a car accident in Colombo, Sri Lanka, where his vehicle got hung on one wheel.^[16] He was educated by his father, Taher Saifuddin.^[17]

Activities

Burhanuddin's reign as Dā'ī saw increased Islamization of the Bohras in the 1970s and 1980s. Among other things, he issued a dress code, calling for male Bohras to grow a beard and wear a white topi and kurta, and for females to wear a burqa. This Islamization countered a trend toward assimilation into the larger (Hindu-oriented) culture of their neighbors that was prevalent under his predecessor, Taher Saifuddin.^[12]

In October 1999, Burhanuddin was elected Chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University,^[18] a position that his father also held. He is credited with expanding the two century old Arabic university Al Jamea tus Saifiyah. In 1983, a new campus of "Al Jamea tus Saifiyah" was built in Karachi by him.^[17][19] He built "Burhaniyah Business Counselling Centre" in Mumbai to provide modern business solutions.^[17] He built Raudat Tahera, a mausoleum of his father Taher Saifuddin in Mumbai, India. It is unique for its kind, having the entire Quran inscribed on its inner white walls in letters of gold and with precious stones.^[17][20]

In 1998, he constructed the Mahad al-Zahra institute for memorization and recitation of the Quran.

Mohammed Burhanuddin is credited with the establishment of community kitchens to provide meals twice a day to the Dawoodi Bohra families, thus providing free time for women to pursue economic, educational or religious activities.^[21][22] The community kitchens don't discriminate between the privileged and the underprivileged sections, both getting the same "good quality and hygienically-prepared" food,^[23] while the community members have the provision of paying for their own family, and for sponsoring those who cannot afford it.^[24]

Awards and honors

• "Order of the Star of Jordan", a highest civic honor of Jordan by the President of Jordan.^[1]
• "Honorary Doctrates", by Al-Azhar University, Egypt, Aligarh Muslim University, India and University of Karachi, Pakistan.^[25]
• On 6 March 2011, Burhani Foundation, India made largest distribution of bird feeders (20,631) to celebrate Mohammed Buranuddin 100th birthday (according to the Islamic calendar). It was recorded in Guinness World Records.^[26][27]
• Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award of India, in 2015.^[28]
• Mohammed Burhanuddin was named one of The 500 Most Influential Muslims in the years 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 & 2013.^[29]

Death

Burhanuddin died of cardiac attack at his home Saifee Mahal in Mumbai on 17 January 2014.^[1] The Bohra community announced a 40-day mourning period in respect of the departed leader.^[30] He was buried at Raudat Tahera Mausoleum in Bhendi Bazar, Mumbai beside his father Tahir Saifuddin.^[25] His second son Mufaddal Saifuddin led the "Namaz-e-Janaza" (funeral procession) of his father at the Saifee Mosque.^[25] Half mast of Flag and state honor was given by Indian Government during his funeral.^[31]

The day after his death, a crowd of supporters assembled outside his residence to pay their respects; when the gates were opened to let them in, a human stampede ensued, killing eighteen people.^[32] A commemoration service held one year after Burhanuddin's death drew an estimated three lakh people to Mumbai; two townships were built specially to accommodate them.^[33]

Succession

Family tree of Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin

Burhanuddin did not publicly declare any successor as late as 2011 and there were fights between rival factions among Burhanuddin's several brothers and sons to succeed him as head of the vast empire he controls.^[34]

After Burhanuddin suffered a stroke in June 2011 in London, Mufaddal Saifuddin was declared as his successor by Muffadal's brothers.^[35] The Dawoodi Bohra community was informed of succession by the faction led by Mufaddal Saifuddin after Burhanuddin suffered a debilitating stroke which robbed him of speech^[36][37] a group formed in 2013 in support of Burhanuddin's half-brother Khuzaima Qutbuddin, who was Mazoon, serving second under Dā'ī al-Mutlaq.^[38]

After Burhanuddin's death in January 2014, Mufaddal took up the office,^[1][38][39] Qutbuddin, claiming to have been appointed heir 50 years earlier in secrecy,^[1][40][41] challenged Mufaddal's right to be Dā'ī in court.^[39] Khuzaima also took the office as he 53rd Dā'ī of Dawoodi Bohras having two headquarters one in Thane and primary being in the ancestral headquarter Saify Mahal where Mufaddal also resides.

The faction of Dawoodi Bohras led by Qaid Johar Ezzuddin the brother of Mufaddal who follow Mufaddal Saifuddin supports Mufaddal Saifuddin as Dā'ī,^[42] and have excommunicated Qutbuddin and his faction.^[43]

See also

• 53rd Syedna succession controversy (Dawoodi Bohra)
• 2014 Mumbai stampede

References

External links

• Abdulhussein, Mustafa. Al-Dai al-Fatimi, Syiedna Mohammed Burhanuddin. ISBN 0-9536256-0-5.  (an illustrated biography)
• OUP Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World: Muhammad Burhanuddin