Maria Sophia of Neuburg

Maria Sophia of Neuburg
Portrait of D. Maria Sophia; António de Oliveira de Louredo, c. 1687-1699.
Queen consort of Portugal
Tenure	11 August 1687 – 4 August 1699
Born	(1666-08-06)6 August 1666 Schloss Benrath, Düsseldorf
Died	4 August 1699(1699-08-04) (aged 32) Ribeira Palace, Lisbon, Portugal
Burial	São Vicente de Fora, Lisbon, Portugal
Spouse	Peter II
Issue	John V of Portugal Infante Francisco, Duke of Beja Infante António Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém Infanta Francisca Josefa
Full name German: Marie Sophie Elisabeth Portuguese: Maria Sofia Isabel
House	Wittelsbach
Father	Philip William, Elector Palatine
Mother	Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Maria Sophia Elisabeth of Neuburg (6 August 1666 – 4 August 1699) was queen of Portugal as the wife of King Peter II from 1687 until her death in 1699. A popular queen, she was noted for her extraordinary generosity and for being the mother of the famously extravagant John V of Portugal.

Background

Maria Sophia was born at the Schloss Benrath outside Düsseldorf in what is now Germany. Her father Philip William was the reigning Count Palatine of Neuburg. In 1685 he became Elector Palatine following the death of his cousin Charles II, an inheritance that greatly increased the family's status within Europe. In December 1676, Maria Sophia's sister Eleonore Magdalene was married to Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I owing to the family's reputation as producing fertile women. After two marriages, Leopold had no living male heirs. The new Empress Eleonore Magdalene fulfilled her function and quickly mothered two future Holy Roman Emperors (Joseph I and Charles VI).

A similar succession crisis was occurring in Portugal. Isabel Luísa, Princess of Beira, heiress to the throne and only daughter of King Peter II, was childless and had been refused by most European sovereigns due to her sickly nature and strict Portuguese succession rights. As a result, the Portuguese ambassador Manuel da Silva Teles was sent to Heidelberg to ask for the hand of Maria Sophia, with the encouragement of Empress Eleonore Magdalene. The embassy left Lisbon on 8 December 1686 and the marriage contract was signed on 22 May 1687. A dowry of 100,000 florins was agreed on.

Marriage

Following her proxy marriage on 2 July 1687 in Heidelberg, Maria Sophia left her native Germany the following August. She travelled up the Rhine to receive the honours of all courts along the river. At Brila, Maria Sophia embarked on an English yacht that was put at her disposal by order of James II of England. She was accompanied by an English fleet that travelled to Plymouth with the Duke of Grafton, son of the late Charles II of England. The new queen arrived in Lisbon 12 August 1687 amid great celebration and the same day the couple was formally married by the Archbishop of Lisbon at Ribeira Palace. Supposedly Louis XIV was "greatly chagrined" by Peter's decision to marry a daughter of the Elector Palatine and not a French princess, as he had hoped.^[1]

The young queen quickly gained the affection of her stepdaughter Isabel Luísa, who was herself only six years younger than Maria Sophia. She was also loved by her husband, who was quickly presented with a son the year after his marriage. The son survived only three weeks, but a year later, Maria Sophia had another son who would succeed his father as John V of Portugal. As an adult, he would marry his first cousin Maria Anna of Austria, daughter of Empress Eleonore Magdalene.

Maria Sophia was described as gentle, and Peter reportedly treated her with respect. While she clashed with her widowed sister-in-law Catherine of Braganza on matters of etiquette, she was described as a popular queen who was decidedly generous and set about helping the poor of Lisbon.^[2] Her pious nature also made her a popular queen. She was frequently involved with charities that supported widows and orphans and allowed poor patients access to medical care at the royal palace. She had a very intimate friendship with Father Bartolomeu do Quental, who died with the reputation of a saint. In Beja, she financed the foundation of a Franciscan school. She died in Lisbon of fever, possibly a symptom of erysipelas, on 4 August 1699, two days before her thirty-third birthday. Her body was laid to rest at the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora in Lisbon.

Issue

Name	Portrait	Lifespan	Notes
João		30 August 1688 – 17 September 1688	Prince of Brazil and 12th Duke of Braganza, lived eighteen days.
João		22 October 1689 – 31 July 1750	Prince of Brazil from 1697; and King of Portugal. Married Maria Anna of Austria, and had issue.
Francisco		25 May 1691 – 21 July 1742	Duke of Beja, died unmarried with illegitimate issue.
A son		23 May 1693	Stillborn or lived a few hours.
Francisca Xaveria		1 January 1694 – March 1694	Lived about two months.
Antonio		15 March 1695 – 20 October 1757	Died unmarried and childless.
Teresa Maria		24 February 1696 – 16 February 1704	Died in childhood.
Manuel		3 August 1697 – 3 August 1766	Count of Ourém, died unmarried.
Francisca Josefa		30 January 1699 – 15 July 1736	Died unmarried and childless.

Ancestry

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

• 6 August 1666 - 11 August 1687 Her Serene Highness Countess Palatine Marie Sophie of Neuburg
• 11 August 1687 – 4 August 1699 Her Majesty The Queen of Portugal and the Algarves

References

Publications

• Triumpho Lusitano, applausos festivos, sumptuosidades regias nos augustissimos desposorios do inclito D. Pedro II com a serenissima Maria Sofia Izabel de Baviera, monarchas de Portugal, por Manuel de Leão; Bruxelas, 1688;
• Heptaphonon, ou portico de sete vozes, consagrado à magestade defunta da senhora D. Maria Sophia Izabel de Neuburgo, por Pascoal Ribeiro Coutinho, Lisboa, 1699;
• Sermão das exequias da Serenissima Rainha Nossa Senhora D. Maria Sophia Izabel, prégado na Villa de Santo Amaro das Grotas do Rio de Sergipe, por Frei António da Piedade, Lisboa, 1703;
• Sentimento lamentavel, que a dor mais sentida em lagrimas tributa na intempestiva morte da Serenissima Rainha de Portugal D. Maria Sophia Izabel e Neuburgo, por Bernardino Botelho de Oliveira, Lisboa, 1699;
• Oração funebre nas exequias da Rainha D. Maria Sophia Izabel, celebradas na Real Casa da Misericordia de Lisboa, por D. Diogo da Anunciação Justiniano, Lisboa, 1699.
• Stephens, Henry Morse. Portugal. Putnam, 1903. The Story of the Nations. Google Books. Web. 27 May 2010. <https://books.google.com/books?id=uAQqAAAAYAAJ>.
• Thomson, Mark Alméras., Ragnhild Marie Hatton, and J. S. Bromley. William III and Louis XIV: Essays 1680-1720. Toronto: University of Toronto, 1968. Google Books. Web.

External links

• Genealogy of the House of Braganza