List of motorways in Turkey

Motorway network in Turkey. Highways in use, under construction and projected.
O-3 and O-2 conjunction
General Directorate of Highways is responsible for all the road development and maintenance of highways and motorways in Turkey
in Istanbul
Haliç Bridge Ayvansaray entrance
, near Ankara.
Motorway sign is green in Turkey.

Motorways in Turkey (Turkish: otoyol[1]) are a network in development. The length of the current network is 2155 km.[2][3] The minimum speed limit on the Turkish motorways is 40 km/h and the maximum is 120 km/h.[4] Most of the network is 6 lanes wide (3 in each direction). The motorway sign in Turkey is green and uses Highway Gothic typeface.

History

The motorway network in Turkey is relatively new. In 1980, the network was only 27 km long and was focused on Istanbul. Currently, great efforts are being made to expand the network. In September 2009, plans were unveiled for 12 new highway routes that are to be built by 2023, a total length of about 4773 km.[5]

Toll

All the motorways are toll roads. The toll is based on the distance traveled. On most sections, the toll can be paid only with RFID-based HGS and OGS. Cash and KGS card payment methods have mostly been abolished in recent years. Only the newly opened Otoyol 5 and Otoyol 6 have sections were it is possible to pay by cash or with credit card. Apart from motorways, the other state roads in Turkey are free of charge.

The revenue from tolls in 2001 were still about $203 million, rising by 2012 to approximately $542 million. In 2012, the Bosphorus bridges saw 150 million vehicles pass and the other toll roads saw over 210 million vehicles.[6] In 2015, both bridges were used by 141 million vehicles while the other toll motorways were used by 271 million vehicles, generating a total revenue of $391 million (both bridges and motorways combined).[7]

Standards

Mainly because the country already has a wide network of double carriageways, the standards for motorways in comparison are very high. Each direction has at least 3 lanes, aside from the İzmit Bypass and a small stretch of the Otoyol 3 between Silivri and Esenyurt which only have 2. The lanes are each 3.75 meters wide. Most exits have a connection road, which helps avoiding wrong-way driving and illegal access to the road (bikes, tractors and horses are not allowed on otoyols).

The minimum speed is 40 km/h (25 miles per hour) and the maximum allowed speed is 120 km/h (75 miles per hour), although speeding is not punished under 132 km/h (82 miles per hour).

Alongside otoyols, there are resting areas, which are standardized as A, B, C and D type service areas. The D type is mainly a parking area. The C type has a fuel station added. The B type has a fuel station and a vehicle service station added. The A type additionally has a motel.

Dangerous stretches such as tunnels or bridges where there is often fog, exits, interchanges and service areas are illuminated.

Since gradients are expected to be very low and turning radii are expected to be very high, otoyols have many bridges and tunnels which makes them very expensive.

Projects

Under construction:

Tender Phase

Being planned:[8]

2023 Targets

2035 Targets

List of motorways

Nr. Name Length Course Map
Bosphorus Bridge Motorway
 5 km Istanbul – – Bosphorus Bridge – Istanbul –
Istanbul – Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge- Anatolian Motorway
 37 km – Istanbul – Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge – Istanbul –
Edirne–Istanbul Motorway
 229 km Bulgaria – Edirne – Lüleburgaz – Çorlu – Istanbul – –
Istanbul-Ankara Motorway
 372 km Istanbul – – – Gebze – İzmit – Düzce – Bolu – Gerede – Ankara –
Istanbul-Bursa-İzmir Motorway
 407 km at Gebze – Osman Gazi Bridge - Altınova – Yalova – Gemlik – Bursa – – Karacabey – Susurluk – Balıkesir – Soma – Akhisar – Turgutlu – at İzmir
Northern Marmara Motorway
 95 km at Mahmutbey - Başakşehir - Odayeri - Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge - Çekmeköy - Paşaköy
Ankara - Ring Motorway
 110 km – Ring around Ankara
Tarsus-Ankara Motorway
 159 km Tarsus – – Pozantı – Niğde
Bursa-Sivrihisar Motorway
 34 km at Bursa – Yenişehir
İzmir - Ring Motorway
 40 km – – Ring around İzmir
İzmir-Aydın Motorway
 97 km Izmir – – Aydın
İzmir-Çeşme Motorway
 79 km Izmir – – Urla – Çeşme
Adana-Mersin Motorway
 99 km – Adana – – Tarsus – Mersin
Adana-Şanlıurfa Motorway
 365 km – Adana – Ceyhan – – Osmaniye – Gaziantep − – Nizip – Şanlıurfa
Toprakkale-İskenderun Motorway
 150 km – Dörtyol – İskenderun
Gaziantep - Ring Motorway
 35 km – Partial ring around Gaziantep

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ Also quite widely called otoban, which is the Turkish spelling of the German word Autobahn
  2. ↑ http://www.kgm.gov.tr/Sayfalar/KGM/SiteTr/Kurumsal/YolAgi.aspx
  3. ↑ "YILLAR İTİBARIYLA İŞLETMEYE AÇIK OTOYOLLAR" (PDF) (in Turkish). KGM. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
  4. ↑ "Hız Sınırları" (in Turkish). KGM. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  5. ↑ Infrastrukturprojekte sollen die türkische Bauwirtschaft ankurbeln, Germany Trade and Invest, 24. November 2009
  6. ↑ "Otoyol ve Köprü Gelirleri (2001-2012)" (PDF) (in Turkish). KGM. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
  7. ↑ http://www.kgm.gov.tr/SiteCollectionDocuments/KGMdocuments/Istatistikler/OtoyolMaliBilgileri/OtoyolVeKopruGelirleri%282001-2015%29.pdf Otoyol statistics
  8. ↑ "Otoyol Projeleri" (in Turkish). KGM. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
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