List of mayors of New York City

For a list of the Dutch Directors-General who governed New Amsterdam as part of New Netherland between 1624 and 1664, see Director-General of New Netherland. For a list of the Mayors of Brooklyn from 1834 to Brooklyn's consolidation into the City of New York in 1898, see History of Brooklyn.

The Mayor of New York City is the chief executive of the government of New York City, as stipulated by the Charter of the City of New York. The current Mayor of New York City, the 109th in the sequence of regular mayors, is Bill de Blasio, a Democrat.

During the Dutch colonial period from 1624 to 1664, New Amsterdam was governed by the Director of New Netherland. The office of Mayor of New York was established in 1665 and were appointed by colonial governors until 1777. The year prior, New York was run by Richard Nicolls, the British military governor of the Province of New York. Thomas Willett was the first person to be specifically appointed mayor.

In 1777, during the American Revolution, a Council of Appointment was formed by New York State. In 1821 the New York City Council – then known as the Common Council – began appointing mayors.

Since 1834, mayors have been elected by direct popular vote.

Before 1898, the city included little beyond the island of Manhattan. The 1898 consolidation created the city as it is today with five boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island.

The longest-serving mayors have been Fiorello H. La Guardia (1934–1945), Robert F. Wagner, Jr. (1954–1965), Ed Koch (1978–1989), and Michael Bloomberg (2002–2013) each of whom was in office for twelve years (three successive 4-year terms). The shortest terms in office since 1834 have been those of acting mayors: Thomas Coman (five weeks from Monday, November 30, 1868, to Monday, January 4, 1869) and Samuel B. H. Vance (one month from November 30 to December 31, 1874).

No mayor has been female. David Dinkins has been the only non-white mayor. Mayors have come from a variety of ethnic groups and held a variety of religions.

Colonial mayors

Before 1680, mayors served one-year terms. As of 1680, they served two-year terms. Exceptions are noted thus (*). A dagger (†) indicates mayoralties cut short by death in office. [When the same man served more than one continuous term, his name is lightly shaded purely for clarity, but the tints have no other significance.]

No.[1] Name Starting year of Office Ending year of Office
1 Thomas Willett (1st term) 1665 1666
2 Thomas Delavall (1st term) 1666 1667
3 Thomas Willett (2nd term) 1667 1668
4 Cornelius Van Steenwyk (1st term) 1668 1671
5 Thomas Delavall (2nd term) 1671 1672
6 Matthias Nicoll 1672 1673
7 John Lawrence (1st term) 1673 1675
8 William Dervall 1675 1676
9 Nicholas De Mayer 1676 1677
10 Stephanus Van Cortlandt (1st term) 1677 1678
11 Thomas Delavall (3rd term) 1678 1679
12 Francis Rombouts 1679 1680
13 William Dyre 1680 1682
14 Cornelius Van Steenwyk (2nd term) 1682 1684
15 Gabriel Minvielle (*) 1684 1685
16 Nicholas Bayard (*) 1685 1686
17 Stephanus Van Cortlandt (2nd term) 1686 1688
18 Peter Delanoy 1 1689 1691
19 John Lawrence (2nd term *) 1691 1691
20 Abraham de Peyster 1691 1694
21 Charles Lodwik 1694 1695
22 William Merritt 1695 1698
23 Johannes de Peyster 1698 1699
24 David Provost 1699 1700
25 Isaac De Reimer 1700 1701
26 Thomas Noell 1701 1702
27 Phillip French 1702 1703
28 William Peartree 1703 1707
29 Ebenezer Wilson 1707 1710
30 Jacobus Van Cortlandt (1st term) 1710 1711
31 Caleb Heathcote 1711 1714
32 John Johnstone 1714 1719
33 Jacobus Van Cortlandt (2nd term) 1719 1720
34 Robert Walters 1720 1725
35 Johannes Jansen 1725 1726
36 Robert Lurting 1726 1735
37 Paul Richard 1735 1739
38 John Cruger 1739 1744
39 Stephen Bayard 1744 1747
40 Edward Holland 1747 1757
41 John Cruger, Jr. 1757 1766
42 Whitehead Hicks 1766 1776
43 David Matthews 1776 1783

Note

  1. Peter Delanoy was the first and only directly-elected mayor of New York[2] until 1834. Appointed mayors resumed in the wake of Leisler's Rebellion.

died in office

Pre-consolidation mayors

After 1820, the mayor was appointed by the city's Common Council. Under the Charter of 1834, mayors were elected annually. After 1849, they served two-year terms.

# Mayor Term start Term end Terms   Party
44 James Duane January 1, 1784 1789 5 None
45 Richard Varick 1789 1801 2 Federalist
46 Edward Livingston 1801 1803 2 Democratic-Republican
47 DeWitt Clinton (1st term) 1803 1807 4 Democratic-Republican
48 Marinus Willett 1807 1808 1 Democratic-Republican[3]
49 DeWitt Clinton (2nd term) 1808 1810 2 Democratic-Republican
50 Jacob Radcliff (1st term) 1810 1811 1 Federalist
51 DeWitt Clinton (3rd term) 1811 1815 4 Democratic-Republican
52 John Ferguson 1815 1815 12 Democratic-Republican
53 Jacob Radcliff (2nd term) February 13, 1815 1818 3 Federalist
54 Cadwallader D. Colden 1818 1821 3 Federalist
55 Stephen Allen 1821 1824 3 Federalist
56 William Paulding Jr. (1st term) 1825 1826 1 Democratic-Republican
57 Philip Hone 1826 1827 1 National Republican
58 William Paulding Jr. (2nd term) 1827 1829 2 Democratic-Republican
59 Walter Bowne 1829 1832 3 Democratic
60 Gideon Lee 1833 1834 1 Democratic
61 Cornelius Lawrence 1834 1837 3 Democratic
62 Aaron Clark 1837 1839 2 Whig
63 Isaac L. Varian 1839 1841 2 Democratic
64 Robert H. Morris 1841 1844 3 Democratic
65 James Harper 1844 1845 1 American Republican
66 William F. Havemeyer (1st term) 1845 1846 1 Democratic
67 Andrew H. Mickle 1846 1847 1 Democratic
68 William V. Brady 1847 1848 1 Whig
69 William F. Havemeyer (2nd term) 1848 1849 1 Democratic
70 Caleb S. Woodhull 1849 1851 1 Whig
71 Ambrose Kingsland 1851 1853 1 Whig
72 Jacob A. Westervelt 1853 1855 1 Democratic
73 Fernando Wood (1st term) 1855 1858 2 Democratic
74 Daniel F. Tiemann 1858 1860 1 American
75 Fernando Wood (2nd term) 1860 1862 1 Democratic
76 George Opdyke 1862 1864 1 Republican
77 Charles G. Gunther 1864 1866 1 Democratic
78 John T. Hoffman 1 1866 November 30, 1868 1 Democratic
79 Abraham O. Hall January 1, 1869 December 31, 1872 2 Republican
80 William F. Havemeyer 2(3rd term) January 1, 1873 November 30, 1874 12 Republican
81 William H. Wickham January 1, 1875 December 31, 1876 1 Democratic (Reform)
82 Smith Ely Jr. January 1, 1877 December 31, 1878 1 Democratic
83 Edward Cooper January 1, 1879 December 31, 1880 1 Democratic (Reform)
84 William R. Grace (1st term) January 1, 1881 December 31, 1882 1 Democratic (Reform)
85 Franklin Edson January 1, 1883 December 31, 1884 1 Democratic
86 William R. Grace (2nd term) January 1, 1885 December 31, 1886 1 None
87 Abram Hewitt January 1, 1887 December 31, 1888 1 Democratic
88 Hugh J. Grant January 1, 1889 December 31, 1892 2 Democratic
89 Thomas F. Gilroy January 1, 1893 December 31, 1894 1 Democratic
90 William L. Strong 3 January 1, 1895 December 31, 1897 1 Republican

Notes

  1. John T. Hoffman resigned after his election as Governor of New York state but before the end of his mayoral term. Thomas Coman, President of the Board of Aldermen, completed Hoffman's term as acting mayor until his elected successor, A. Oakey Hall, took office.
  2. William F. Havemeyer died during his last term of office. Samuel B. H. Vance, President of the Board of Aldermen, completed Havemeyer's term as acting mayor until his elected successor, William H. Wickham, took office.
  3. William L. Strong served an additional year in office because New York City mayoral elections were changed to be held in odd-numbered years due to the impending consolidation of New York City.

died in office

Post-consolidation mayors

The 1898–1901 term was for four years. The City Charter was changed to make the mayor's term a two-year one beginning in 1902, but after two such terms was changed back to resume four-year terms in 1906. George B. McClellan, Jr. thus served one two-year term from 1904 to 1905, during which he was elected to a four-year term from 1906 to 1909. See New York City mayoral elections#Terms and term limits (since 1834).

The party of the mayor reflects party registration, as opposed to the party lines run under during the general election.

#[1] Portrait Name Term in office Length of Service Party affiliation Previous office
91 Robert A. Van Wyck
(1849–1918; aged 69)
January 1, 1898

December 31, 1901
4 years   Democratic None
92 Seth Low 1
(1850–1916; aged 66)
January 1, 1902

December 31, 1903
2 years   Republican 11th President of Columbia University
(1890–1901)
93 George B. McClellan Jr.
(1865–1940; aged 75)
January 1, 1904

December 31, 1909
6 years   Democratic U.S. Representative for New York
(1895–1903)
94 William Jay Gaynor 2
(1849–1913; aged 64)
January 1, 1910

September 10, 1913
3 years, 253 days   Democratic Judge to the New York Supreme Court
(1893–1909)
95 John P. Mitchel
(1879–1918; aged 38)
January 1, 1914

December 31, 1917
4 years   Republican None
96 John F. Hylan[4]
(1868–1936; aged 67)
January 1, 1918

December 30, 1925
8 years   Democratic None
97 Jimmy Walker 3
(1881–1946; aged 65)
January 1, 1926

September 1, 1932
6 years, 244 days   Democratic New York State Senator
(1919–1925)
98 John P. O'Brien
(1873–1951; aged 78)
January 1, 1933

December 31, 1933
1 year   Democratic None
99 Fiorello H. La Guardia
(1882–1947; aged 64)
January 1, 1934

December 31, 1945
12 years   Republican[5] U.S. Representative for New York
(1922–1933)
100 William O'Dwyer 4
(1890–1964; aged 74)
January 1, 1946

August 31, 1950
4 years, 243 days   Democratic Brooklyn District Attorney
(1939–1945)
101 Vincent R. Impellitteri 5
(1900–1987; aged 86)
November 14, 1950

December 31, 1953
3 years, 48 days   None President of the NY City Council
(1945–1949)
102 Robert F. Wagner Jr.
(1910–1991; aged 80)
January 1, 1954

December 31, 1965
12 years   Democratic 17th Borough President of Manhattan
(1950–1953)
103 John Lindsay
(1921–2000; aged 79)
January 1, 1966

December 31, 1973
8 years   Republican U.S. Representative for New York
(1959–1965)
  Democratic
104 Abraham Beame
(1906–2001; aged 94)
January 1, 1974

December 31, 1977
4 years   Democratic 38th New York City Comptroller
(1970–1973)
105 Ed Koch
(1924–2013; aged 88)
January 1, 1978

December 31, 1989
12 years   Democratic U.S. Representative for New York
(1973–1977)
106 David Dinkins
(born in 1927; aged 89)
January 1, 1990

December 31, 1993
4 years   Democratic 23rd Borough President of Manhattan
(1986–1989)
107 Rudy Giuliani
(born in 1944; aged 72)
January 1, 1994

December 31, 2001
8 years   Republican United States Attorney for
the Southern District of New York

(1983–1989)
108 Michael Bloomberg 6
(born in 1942; aged 74)
January 1, 2002

December 31, 2013
12 years   Republican CEO of Bloomberg L.P.
(1981–2001)
  None
109 Bill de Blasio
(born in 1961; aged 55)
January 1, 2014

Incumbent
4 years   Democratic 3rd New York City Public Advocate
(2010–2013)

Notes

  1. Seth Low previously served as Mayor of the City of Brooklyn from 1882 to 1885.
  2. William Jay Gaynor died September 10, 1913. Ardolph L. Kline, the unelected President of the Board of Aldermen, succeeded as acting mayor upon William Gaynor's death, but then sought re-election as an alderman (successfully) rather than election as mayor. Kline has thus been the only mayor since 1834 never to win a city-wide election (having been appointed Vice President of the Board of Aldermen by his colleagues and then succeeding to the presidency mid-term, rather than winning it by popular election at large).
  3. James J. "Jimmy" Walker resigned September 1, 1932 and went to Europe, amid allegations of corruption in his administration. Joseph V. McKee, as President of the Board of Aldermen, became acting mayor in Walker's place, but was then defeated in a special election by John P. O'Brien.
  4. William O'Dwyer resigned August 31, 1950, during a police corruption scandal, after which he was appointed Ambassador to Mexico by President Harry S. Truman.
  5. Vincent R. Impellitteri, President of the New York City Council, became acting mayor when O'Dwyer resigned on August 31, 1950, and was then elected to the office in a special election held on November 7, 1950. He was inaugurated on November 14.
  6. Michael R. Bloomberg was a Democrat before running for mayor.

died in office

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "The Green Book: Mayors of the City of New York" on the official NYC website. When a former mayor serves again after a break in office, a new number is assigned to his resumed service. However, the five acting mayoralties are unnumbered.
  2. Burrows, Edwin G. & Wallace, Mike (1999), Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-195-11634-8 pp.99–100
  3. John Caldwell; Oswaldo Rodriguez Roque; Dale T. Johnson (March 1, 1994). American Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 1. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. p.256.
  4. "Hylan And Enright Out With Pensions; Last-Hour Shifts In Police Department; Walker Fills Important City Posts - Collins Mayor for a Day - Leach is the Active Head of the Police Force for the Last Day of 1925 - Hylan to Get $4,205 A Year - Retirement Voted by Board of Estimate, He Quits to Assure Pension - Enright to Draw $5,000 - Approval of His Retirement as Commissioner One of Hylan's Last Official Acts". New York Times. December 31, 1925. p. 1. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
  5. "List of Candidates Who Will Be on Ballots in Municipal Election Nov. 7". New York Times. November 5, 1933. p. N2. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
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