List of federal political parties in Canada

In contrast with the political party systems of many nations, Canadian political parties at the federal level are often only loosely connected with parties at the provincial level, despite having similar names. One exception is the New Democratic Party, which is organizationally integrated with most of its provincial counterparts including a shared membership.

Current parties

These are all of the political parties registered with Elections Canada as of September 2016.^[1]

Name	Founded	Ideology	Leader	MPs	Most MPs	Senators
Liberal Party of Canada Parti libéral du Canada	1867	liberalism	Justin Trudeau	183	0.7306 !179 / 245 (1940)	21
Conservative Party of Canada Parti conservateur du Canada	2003	conservatism, economic liberalism	Rona Ambrose (Interim)	99	0.5389 !208 / 265 (1958)	40
New Democratic Party Nouveau Parti démocratique	1961	social democracy	Thomas Mulcair	44	0.3344 !103 / 308 (2011)
Bloc Québécois	1991	Quebec sovereignty, social democracy	Rheal Fortin (Interim)	10	0.1830 !54 / 295 (1993)
Green Party of Canada Le Parti vert du Canada	1983	Green politics	Elizabeth May	1	0.0064 !2 / 308 (2013)
Alliance of the North Alliance du Nord	2015	social conservatism	François Bélanger	0
Animal Alliance Environment Voters Party of Canada	2005	environmentalism, animal rights	Liz White	0
The Bridge Party of Canada Parti pour nouer des liens entre Canadiens	2015	non-partisan	David Berlin	0
Canadian Action Party Parti action canadienne	1997	populism, anti-globalization	Jeremy E. Arney	0
Christian Heritage Party of Canada Parti de l'Héritage Chrétien du Canada	1986	social conservative, Christian right	Rodney L. Taylor	0
Communist Party of Canada Parti communiste du Canada	1921	communism	Liz Rowley	0	0.0122 !3 / 245 (1945)^[2]
Democratic Advancement Party of Canada Parti pour l'Avancement de la Démocratie au Canada	2014		Stephen J. Garvey	0
Libertarian Party of Canada Parti Libertarien du Canada	1973	libertarianism	Tim Moen	0
Marxist–Leninist Party of Canada Parti Marxiste–Léniniste du Canada	1970	Marxism–Leninism	Anna Di Carlo	0
Marijuana Party Parti Marijuana	2000	cannabis	Blair Longley	0
Party for Accountability, Competency and Transparency Parti pour la Responsabilisation, la Compétence et la Transparence	2010	direct democracy	Michael Nicula	0
Pirate Party of Canada Parti Pirate du Canada	2009	social democracy, pirate politics	Roderick Lim	0
Progressive Canadian Party Parti Progressiste Canadien	2004	Red toryism	Sinclair Stevens	0
Rhinoceros Party (II) Parti Rhinocéros	2006	satirical party	Sébastien Corriveau	0
Seniors Party of Canada Parti des aînés du Canada	2014		Margaret Fairbairn	0
United Party of Canada Parti Uni du Canada	2009	centrism	Bob Kesic	0

Past names of current parties

The second Conservative Party of Canada was a merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party. The Progressive Conservative Party was, in turn, a renaming of the first Conservative Party of Canada.

During Robert Borden's coalition government of 1917-1920, the Liberal Party of Canada split into two groups: the Liberal–Unionist who supported the coalition and the Laurier Liberals who opposed it.

The Communist Party of Canada changed its name multiple times in its history. It was founded as the Communist Party of Canada in 1921. From 1938 until 1943 its candidates ran under the banner Unity or United Progressive. In 1943 it adopted the name Labor-Progressive Party. It won one seat under this name in 1945. In 1959 it reverted to the name Communist Party of Canada and has kept that name to the present.

The Marxist–Leninist Party of Canada unofficially uses the name "Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)", but Elections Canada does not allow it to be registered by that name because of potential confusion with the Communist Party of Canada.

The first Rhinoceros Party disbanded in 1993. When it was revived in 2006 it used the name "neorhino.ca". The party changed its name to Rhinoceros Party in 2010.

The Party for Accountability, Competency and Transparency was originally called the Online Party of Canada.

Historical parties

Name	Founded	Dissolved	Ideology	Most MPs
Abolitionist Party of Canada	1993	1996	social credit, monetary reform, social liberalism	0
Anti-Confederation Party	1867	1867	Opposition to Confederation (membership in Canada), Nova Scotia separatism	0.1000 !18 / 180 (1867)
Bloc populaire	1943	1949	anti-conscription, Canadian nationalism, isolationaism, French Canadian rights	0.0163 !4 / 245 (1943)
Canada Party	1993	1996		0
Canada Party (II) Parti Canada	2015	2016		0
Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance Alliance réformiste-conservatrice canadienne	2000	2003	Conservatism, Right-wing populism, social conservatism^[3]^[4]^[5]	0.2192 !66 / 301 (2001)
Candidat libéral des électeurs	1962	1963	social credit & liberalism	0
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Parti social démocratique du Canada	1932	1961	Social democracy, democratic socialism, agrarianism^[6]	0.1265 !31 / 245 (1948)
Confederation of Regions Party of Canada	1984	1988	Regionalism, conserativism	0
Conservative Party of Canada (I) and Progressive Conservative of Canada	1854 1942	2003	Canadian conservatism, Loyalism, Canadian nationalism (particularly under John Diefenbaker), Red Toryism, Economic Liberalism (under Brian Mulroney), moderation, occasional populism	0.7849 !208 / 265 (1958)
Democratic Party of Canada	1945	1945		0
Equal Rights	1890	1891		0
First Peoples National Party of Canada	2005	2013	Aboriginal rights advocacy	0
Labour Party of Canada	1926	1968	trade unionism, socialism	0.0163 !4 / 245 (1926)
Liberal-Progressive	1925	1955	coalition between the Liberal Party and Progressive Party	0.0326 !8 / 245 (1926)
Liberal Protectionist	1925	1930	Anti-free trade, protectionism	0
McCarthyite	1896	1898	anti-Catholic, anti-French, British imperialism	0.0046 !1 / 213 (1896)
National Party of Canada (II)	1991	1994	Canadian nationalism, protectionism, progressivism	0
Nationalist	1873	1963	Various parties and candidates	0.0093 !2 / 215 (1887)
Nationalist Conservative	1878	1911		0.0046 !1 / 215 (1891)
National Unity Party	1934	1940	Far Right, National Socialism, Canadian Nationalism, Fascism, Anti-Semitism	0.7849 !0 / 245 (1935)
Democratic Party of Canada	1945	1945		0
Natural Law Party of Canada Parti de la loi naturelle du Canada	1992	2004	New age	0
New Capitalist Party	1965	1965		0
Newfoundland and Labrador First Party	2007	2011	Newfoundland and Labrador advocacy	0
Non-Partisan League	1917	1917	Agrarianism	0
Parti de la Démocratisation Économique	1968	1968		0
Parti Nationaliste du Quebec	1983	1987	Quebec independence	0
Parti canadien	1942		anti-conscription	0.0040 !1 / 245 (1942)
Republican Party Parti republicain	1964	1971		0
Party for the Commonwealth of Canada	1984	1993	LaRouchite	0
Patrons of Industry	1890	1900	pro-labour	0.0093 !2 / 213 (1896)
People's Political Power Party of Canada Pouvoir Politique du Peuple du Canada	2006	2011	feminist, centrist, populist	0
Progressive Party of Canada Parti progressiste du Canada	1921	1948	agrarian, free trade, progressivism	0.2595 !61 / 235 (1921)
Progressive-Conservative	1925	1935		0.0040 !1 / 245 (1930)
Protestant Protective Association	1896		Anti-Catholic	0
Radical chrétien	1958	1967		0
Ralliement créditiste	1963	1971	Split from the Social Credit Party; see Social Credit Party of Canada split, 1963.	0.0530 !14 / 264 (1968)
Reconstruction Party of Canada	1935	1938	Keynesianism, National Conservatism, Isolationism	0.0040 !1 / 245 (1935)
Reform Party of Canada Parti réformiste du Canada	1987	2000	fiscal conservativsm, regionalism, social conservativism, democratic reform	0.1993 !60 / 301 (1997)
Rhinoceros Party (I) Parti Rhinocéros	1968	1993	Satirical	0
Social Credit Party of Canada Parti Crédit social du Canada	1935	1993	Canadian Social credit, Canadian Conservatism, Right-wing populism, Social conservatism	0.1132 !30 / 265 (1962)
Socialist Labour Party	1945	1968	socialism	0
Socialist Party of Canada (I)	1904	1925	socialism	0
Socialist Party of Canada (II)	1931	1961		0
Strength in Democracy Forces et Démocratie	2014	2016	social democracy, regionalism	0.0064 !2 / 308 (2015)
Union des électeurs	1939	1949	Social Credit	0
Union Populaire	1979	1981	independentist (precursor of Bloc Québécois)	0
United Reform	1939	1940	Far left	0.0040 !1 / 245 (1939)
Western Block Party	2005	2014^[7]	western separatist and paleoconservative/libertarian conservative	0
Work Less Party	2007	2010	Labour rights	0

Past names of historical parties

The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation used the name New Party from 1958-1961 while it was transitioning to become the New Democratic Party. In French, the party used a literal translation of its name, Fédération du Commonwealth Coopératif, from until 1955.

The Conservative Party used several different names during its existence:

Liberal-Conservative Party (some MPs until 1911),
Unionist Party (1917-1921),
National Liberal and Conservative Party (1920-1921),
National Government (1940),
Progressive Conservative Party (1942-2003)

Labour Party candidates ran under numerous different designations:

Conservative-Labour (1872-1875)
Farmer Labour
Farmer-United Labour
Labour-Farmer
Liberal-Labour (1926-1968)
National Labour (1940)
United Farmers-Labour (1920)
United Farmers of Ontario-Labour (1919-1940)

Some Liberal-Progressive candidates used the designations:

Liberal-Labour-Progressive or
National Liberal Progressive.

Some candidates for the Progressive Party of Canada used United Farmer designations:

Some Ralliement créditiste used the name Ralliement des créditistes from 1963 to 1967. One candidate used the designation Candidats des électeurs in 1957 and 1958.

In the 1940 election, 17 candidates ran jointly with the Social Credit Party under the name New Democracy.

Other designations

Designations used by single candidates

Nationalist Liberal (Fleming Blanchard McCurdy), 1920 — McCurdy won a by-election under the Nationalist Liberal designation, but sat with the National Liberal and Conservative Party causcus
Protectionist (Joseph-Édouard Moranville), 1926
Franc Lib (I) (Alfred Edward Watts), 1930
Prohibition Party (Edwin Clarke Appleby), 1930
Parti national social chrétien (Robert Rae Manville), 1934-1940
Anti-Communist (I) (Jean Tissot), 1935
Verdun (Hervé Ferland), 1935
Veterans Party (Alloys Reginald Sprenger), 1935
Technocrat (Joseph McCrae Newman), 1935
Anti-Conscriptionist (Louis-Gérard Gosselin), 1940
Social Credit-National Unity (Harry Watson Arnold), 1940
National-Unity (Robert Rae Manville), 1940
Trades Union (Nigel Morgan), 1945
Autonomist candidate (Paul Massé), 1947
Christian Liberal (Howard A. Prentice), 1953
Locataire (Louis Seigneur), 1953
Anti-Communist (II) (Patrick Walsh), 1953
Canadian Democrat (Gerry Goeujon), 1957
National Credit Control (John Bernard Ball), 1957
Capital familial (Henri-Georges Grenier), 1957-1962
Liberal Conservative Coalition (George Rolland), 1957
Parti ouvrier canadien (Jean-Jacques Rouleau), 1958
League for Socialist Action, 1961-1977
Co-operative Builders of Canada (Edgar-Bernard Charron), 1962
All Canadian Party (John Darby Naismith), 1962-1962
Parti humain familial (Henri-Georges Grenier), 1964
Droit vital personnel (Henri-Georges Grenier), 1965
Progressive Workers Movement (Jerry Le Bourdais), 1965
Esprit Social (Henri-Georges Grenier), 1967-1971
Franc Lib (II) (Jean-Roger Marcotte), 1968
National Socialist (Martin K. Weiche), 1968
New Canada Party (Fred Reiner), 1968
Nationalist Party of Canada (Bob Smith), founded 1977
Christian Democrat Party of Canada (Sydney Thompson), 1981

Unofficial designations

The following parties do not appear on the federal election archive.^[8] They either did not run candidates in any election or ran candidates as independents.

Aboriginal Peoples Party of Canada (founded in 2005)
Absolutely Absurd Party (founded in 2003)
United Canadian Socialist Party (being launched in 2016)
Action Canada (founded in 1971)
Canadian Clean Start Party (founded in 2000)
Canadian Democratic Movement (founded in 2000)
Canadian Labour Party, 1917-1929
Canadian Party for Renewal, 1993
Canadian Union of Fascists, 1930s
Christian Credit Party, 1982-1983
Christian Freedom Party of Canada, c. 1988-c. 1996 (an extension of the Social Credit Party)
Freedom Party of Canada, founded 2001
Forward Canada Party, 1997
Ginger Group 1924-1932
Grey Party of Canada (founded in 2002)
Movement for an Independent Socialist Canada, 1974
National Alternative Party (founded in 2002)
National Party of Canada (I), 1979-1980s
New Constitution Party of Canada (an unregistered party founded in 2015)
North American Labour Party, 1970s
National Unity Party, 1938-1949
Parti Populaire des Putes (founded in 2000)
People's Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 1945
Ontario Party of Canada (founded in 2002)
Option Canada (founded in 1991)
Patriot Party of Canada (founded in 2001)
Rest of Canada Party (founded in 2002)
Revolutionary Workers League, 1977-1989
Revolutionary Workers Party, 1945-1953
Sex Party, 2005-2012
Social Democratic Party of Canada, 1911-1920
Unity Party of Canada (founded in 2001)
Western Canada Concept (founded in 1980)
Western Independence Party (founded in 1987)
Workers' Communist Party of Canada, 1972-1980

Pre-confederation political parties

Reform Party (pre-Confederation)

References

↑ "Registered Political Parties and Parties Eligible for Registration". Elections Canada. 9 October 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
↑ Includes members using temporary party names Unity and Labor-Progressive Party.
↑ Howard A. Leeson (2001). Saskatchewan Politics: Into the Twenty-first Century. University of Regina Press. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-88977-131-4.
↑ Janet Miron (2009). A History of Human Rights in Canada: Essential Issues. Canadian Scholars’ Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-1-55130-356-7.
↑ Carol Gould; Pasquale Paquino (1 January 2001). Cultural Identity and the Nation-state. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-8476-9677-2.
↑ Seymour Martin Lipset (1971). Agrarian Socialism: The Cooperative Commonwealth Federation in Saskatchewan : a Study in Political Sociology. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-02056-6. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
↑ "Deregistration of Western Block Party". Elections Canada. January 28, 2014. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
↑ http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/Parliament/FederalRidingsHistory/hfer.asp?Language=E&Search=C

Canadian federal elections and referendums

Elections	1867 1872 1874 1878 1882 1887 1891 1896 1900 1904 1908 1911 1917 1921 1925 1926 1930 1935 1940 1945 1949 1953 1957 1958 1962 1963 1965 1968 1972 1974 1979 1980 1984 1988 1993 1997 2000 2004 2006 2008 2011 2015 next

By-elections (by parliament)	1st (1867–72) 2nd (1873–74) 3rd (1874–78) 4th (1879–82) 5th (1883–87) 6th (1887–91) 7th (1891–96) 8th (1896–1900) 9th (1901–04) 10th (1905–08) 11th (1909–11) 12th (1911–17) 13th (1918–21) 14th (1921–25) 15th (1926) 16th (1926–30) 17th (1930–35) 18th (1936–40) 19th (1940–45) 20th (1945–49) 21st (1949–53) 22nd (1953–57) 23rd (1957–58) 24th (1958–62) 25th (1962–63) 26th (1963–65) 27th (1965–68) 28th (1968–72) 29th (1973–74) 30th (1974–79) 31st (1979) 32nd (1980–84) 33rd (1984–88) 34th (1988–93) 35th (1994–97) 36th (1997–2000) 37th (2000–04) 38th (2004–06) 39th (2006–08) 40th (2008–11) 41st (2011–15) 42nd (2015–)

Referendums	1898 1942 1992

Federal political parties Federal electoral districts Historical federal electoral districts

Federal political parties in Canada

House of Commons	Liberal (182) Conservative (96) New Democratic (44) Bloc Québécois (10) Green (1) Independent (1)

Senate	Independent (44) Conservative (40) Independent Liberal (21)

Other recognized parties	Alliance of the North Animal Alliance/Environment Voters The Bridge Canadian Action Christian Heritage Communist Democratic Advancement Libertarian Marijuana Marxist–Leninist PACT Pirate Progressive Canadian Rhinoceros Seniors United

Notable historical parties	Anti-Confederate Bloc populaire Canadian Alliance Conservative (historical) Co-operative Commonwealth Labour Labor-Progressive New Democracy Progressive Conservative Progressive/United Farmers Ralliement créditiste Reform Social Credit Strength in Democracy Unionist

Portal:Canadian politics List of political parties Politics of Canada

Political parties in Canada (by jurisdiction)

Federal

Provincial	Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Newfoundland and Labrador Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan

Territorial	Yukon

Municipal	Montreal Vancouver

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