List of Texas hurricanes (pre-1900)

The list of Texas hurricanes prior to 1900 extends back to 1527 and encompasses all known North Atlantic hurricanes to have affected Texas before 1900.

A map of all recorded hurricanes to have affected Texas during 1851-1899

Pre-1800

Portuguese ships, then part of the Spanish treasure fleets, being loaded with riches. Contemporary print by Theodor de Bry

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Map of counties in Texas severely affected by 1837 Racer's Storm

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The first storm of the 1851 Atlantic hurricane season made landfall near Corpus Christi.

The first storm of the 1854 Atlantic hurricane season made landfall in Texas, while the fourth storm of the season, another hurricane, moved inland near Galveston, Texas, causing 2 deaths from nearly 6 inches of rainfall, as well as $20,000 in damage.

The fourth storm of the 1857 Atlantic hurricane season made landfall near Brownsville.

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The final storm of the 1863 hurricane season paralleled the Texas coastline.

The second storm of 1865 hurricane season made landfall in Texas near Brownsville the day it formed.

The fourth storm of 1865 hurricane season made landfall in the Texas/Louisiana border.

The first hurricane of the 1866 hurricane season made landfall in Texas on July 15.

The seventh storm of 1867 hurricane season paralleled the Texas coastline.

The second storm of 1869 hurricane season was a Category 2 hurricane moved across the Gulf of Mexico, hitting the lower Texas coast on August 17. Most of the damage that occurred came from storm surge.

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Two June tropical storms in 1871 began the hurricane season by hitting Texas on June 2 and June 9. The two caused light damage and one death.

From September 30-October 2, 1871, The third hurricane affect Texas that season moved just offshore the length of the coast. A ship named the S.S.. Hall sunk during the storm; all hands were lost. On Mustang Island, it was the severest gale in 16 years. Tides at Indianola were the highest since 1844; most of the town flooded. The jail at Lavaca was washed away. Many people died in the tempest.

The first and fourth storms of the 1874 season made landfall in Texas. On September 5, 1874 the barometer dropped to 29:51 at 6:30 pm in Corpus Christi. The city suffered flooding and heavy wind damage. Numerous ships in the harbor were damaged. At least one death was reported from drowning.

The third storm of 1875 hit Indianola, Texas at that intensity on the September 16. It turned northeastward, dissipating over Mississippi. The storm brought strong storm surge to the Texas coast, causing heavy damage and a total of 800 deaths. The storm was the first of two hurricanes to devastate Indianola, the other being the Indianola Hurricane of 1886.[10]

From September 15–17, 1877: Hurricane affected the entire Texas coast. In Galveston, winds were noted out of the east during the night of September 15. By September 17, tides had increased to 5.2 feet above mean low water. Winds increased to 60 mph at that time. High tides, though, were the main villain. A "fresh gale" at Mustang Island destroyed their wharf.

The third storm of 1879 hit the northeast Texas coast on August 23. Damage was heavy, but there were no reported deaths.[11]

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The second storm of the 1880 Atlantic hurricane season made landfall near Brownsville, Texas on the 13th , and dissipated rapidly over land on the 14th. It caused 30 deaths near the Yucatán Peninsula, and 5 deaths in Texas.

The second storm of the 1881 Atlantic hurricane season was a tropical storm hit Corpus Christi, Texas in the middle of August, but caused no reported deaths. Signals were blown down at the harbor, and one boat was lost.[12]

The third storm of the 1882 Atlantic hurricane season was a Category 2 hurricane was first observed in the Gulf of Mexico on September 14. Its prior track is unknown, but it moved to the west-northwest, and hit near the Texas/Louisiana border on September 15. The storm brought a 3-foot storm surge, caused moderate damage, and killed one person.[13]

The first hurricane of the 1886 Atlantic hurricane season made landfall near the Texas/Louisiana border.

August 20, 1886: the Indianola Hurricane made landfall as a Category 4 hurricane. It destroyed the town of Indianola, then the largest and most economically important port city in the state of Texas. With an estimated central pressure of 925 mb, this hurricane is on record as the most intense ever to strike the state of Texas. The hurricane also caused at least 25 deaths.[14] [15]

The 8th storm of the 1886 Atlantic hurricane season took a west track through Cuba and the Gulf of Mexico. It turned northward in the western gulf, and hit near Brownsville, Texas as a 100 mph hurricane on September 23.[14]

The 10th storm of the 1886 Atlantic hurricane season made landfall near the border between Louisiana and Texas. It caused 175-200 deaths due to the heavy rainfall and storm surge, with $250,000 in damage occurring.[14]

The ninth storm of the 1887 Atlantic hurricane season made landfall near Brownsville.[16]

The first two storms of the 1888 Atlantic hurricane season made landfall in the same area of Texas.[17]

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The first storm of 1891 Atlantic hurricane season made landfall near Galveston, Texas.[18]

The second storm of the 1895 Atlantic hurricane season made landfall in the southernmost part of Texas.[19]

The second storm of 1897 Atlantic hurricane season had effects on parts of Texas.[20]

The sixth storm of 1898 Atlantic hurricane season made landfall near the Texas/Louisiana border.[21]

The first storm of 1899 Atlantic hurricane season made landfall in Texas.[22]

Deadly storms

The following is a list of hurricanes with known deaths in the state. Several other hurricanes killed an unknown number of people in Texas, and multiple others left several missing.

Year Number of deaths
1527 162
1844 70
1600 60
1835 14
1837 2

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 David Roth (2010-01-17). "Texas Hurricane History: 16th through 18th Centuries" (PDF). Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. pp. 12–13. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  2. Rappaport, Fernandez-Partagas, and Beven (1997-04-22). "The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996". Retrieved 2008-08-13.
  3. Rappaport, Fernandez-Partagas, and Beven (1997-04-22). "The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996 - Cyclones That May Have 25+ Deaths".
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 David M. Roth (2010-01-17). "Texas Hurricane History: Early 19th Century" (PDF). Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. pp. 13–31. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Ben C. Stewart (1919). "Early Texas Coast Storms" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
  6. David Ludlum (2003). "The Antigua-Gulf of Mexico-Rio Grande Hurricane of 1835" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-08-28.
  7. David Ludlum (2003). "Antje's Hurricane" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-09-05.
  8. David Ludlum (2003). "1844 Hurricane in Matamoros" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-09-07.
  9. David Ludlum (2003). "The Gale at Brazos Santiago" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-09-07.
  10. 1875 Monthly Weather Review
  11. 1879 Monthly Weather Review
  12. 1881 Monthly Weather Review
  13. 1882 Monthly Weather Review
  14. 1 2 3 1886 Monthly Weather Review
  15. The Most Intense Hurricanes in the United States 1851-2004
  16. 1887 Monthly Weather Review
  17. 1888 Monthly Weather Review
  18. 1891 Monthly Weather Review
  19. 1895 Monthly Weather Review
  20. 1897 Monthly Weather Review
  21. 1898 Monthly Weather Review
  22. 1899 Monthly Weather Review
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