Google Doodle

The first ever Google Doodle celebrating Burning Man, which was used on August 30, 1998.

A Google Doodle is a special, temporary alteration of the logo on Google's homepage that is intended to celebrate holidays, events, achievements and people. The first Google Doodle was in honor of the Burning Man Festival of 1998,^[1][2] and was designed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin to notify users of their absence in case the servers crashed. Subsequent Google Doodles were designed by an outside contractor, until Page and Brin asked intern Dennis Hwang to design a logo for Bastille Day in 2000. From that point onward, Doodles have been organized and published by a team of employees termed "Doodlers".^[3]

Initially, Doodles were neither animated nor hyperlinked. They were simply images linked to the theme. Doodles increased in both frequency and complexity by the beginning of the 2010s, and in January 2010 the first animated Doodle was posted honoring Isaac Newton.^[4] The first interactive Doodle appeared shortly thereafter celebrating Pac-Man,^[5] and hyperlinks also began to be added to Doodles, usually linking to a search results page for the subject of the Doodle. By 2014, Google had published over 2,000 regional and international Doodles throughout its homepages,^[6] often featuring guest artists, musicians and personalities.^[7]

Google Doodles violate the long-accepted tenet of brand management that a logo should be respected and used correctly and consistently at all times. A constantly changing logo was thought to reduce brand equity. While this may be true of many brands, Google has successfully defied the orthodoxy; the Google logo has been noted for the constant interactive engagement that attracts the attention of the press and general public.^[8]

Some users find the doodles annoying, citing the additional web traffic and consequent global server power wasted by transmitting the doodle for each user access. In response Google created an extension "No google doodle" designed to suppress the images but this has been found by many users to be ineffective in suppressing the doodles^[9]

Overview

Artist and "Doodler" Jennifer Hom has designed many Doodles throughout the years^[10]

As well as celebrating many well-known events and holidays, Google Doodles are known for celebrating several noted artists and scientists on their birthdays, including Andy Warhol, Albert Einstein, Leonardo da Vinci, Rabindranath Tagore, Louis Braille, Ella Fitzgerald, Percival Lowell, Edvard Munch, Nikola Tesla, Béla Bartók, René Magritte, Norman Hetherington, John Lennon, Michael Jackson, Vladimir Dakhno, Robert Moog, Akira Kurosawa, Satyajit Ray, H. G. Wells, Freddie Mercury, Samuel Morse, Hans Christian Ørsted, Mahatma Gandhi, Dennis Gabor, Édith Piaf, Constantin Brâncuși, Antonio Vivaldi, Abdel Halim Hafez, Jules Verne, Leonhard Euler, and James Welch, among over 9,000 others.^[11] The featuring of Lowell's logo design coincided with the launch of another Google product, Google Maps. Google doodles are also used to depict major events at Google, such as the company's own anniversary.^[12] The celebration of historical events is another common topic of Google Doodles including a Lego brick design in celebration of the interlocking Lego block's 50th anniversary. Some Google Doodles are limited to Google's country-specific home pages while others appear globally.^[13]

Interactive and video doodles

Google's interactive Pac-Man logo

In May 2010, on the 30th anniversary of the arcade game Pac-Man, Google unveiled worldwide their first interactive logo, created in association with Namco.^[14] Anyone who visited Google could play Pac-Man on the logo, which featured the letters of the word "Google" on the Pac-Man maze. The logo also mimicked the sounds the original arcade game made. The "I'm Feeling Lucky" button was replaced with an "Insert Coin" button. Pressing this once enabled you to play the Pac-Man logo. Pressing it once more added a second player, Ms. Pac-Man, enabling two players to play at once, controlled using the W,A,S,D keys, instead of the arrows as used by Player 1. Pressing it for a third time performed an "I'm Feeling Lucky" search. It was then removed on May 23, 2010, initially replacing Pac-Man with the normal logo. Later on that day, Google released^[15] a permanent Google Pac-Man site, due to the popular user demand for the playable logo.^[15]

Since that time, Google has continued to post occasional interactive and video doodles, including but not limited to the following:

• On October 8, 2010, Google ran its first animated doodle, a short music video of "Imagine" to mark John Lennon's 70th birthday.^[16] Similarly, Freddie Mercury's 65th birthday was celebrated on September 5, 2011, with an animated clip set to "Don't Stop Me Now".^[17]
• On April 15, 2011, Google sported the first video doodle, commemorating Charlie Chaplin's 122nd birthday.^[18] This doodle was a black and white YouTube video that, when clicked upon, started playing before redirecting to the usual Google search featuring the doodle's special occasion. All parts in this short film were played by the Google doodle team, and special behind-the-scenes footage was to be found on the Google blog.

A G major scale being played on the Google Guitar

• Google displayed an interactive electric guitar doodle starting June 9, 2011, to celebrate the 96th birthday of Les Paul. Apart from being able to hover the cursor over the doodle to strum the strings just like one of Les Paul's Gibson guitars, there was also a keyboard button, which when enabled allowed interaction with the doodle via the keyboard. The doodle still maintained some resemblance to the Google logo. In the U.S, the doodle also allowed the user to record a 30-second clip, after which a URL is created and can be sent to others. The doodle remained on the site an extra day due to popularity in the US. It now has its own page linked to the Google Doodles archives.^[19]
• On June 23, 2012, in commemoration of Alan Turing's 100th birthday, Google's logo became an interactive Turing Machine.^[20]
• On November 23, 2013, Google's logo changed to a playable simplistic Doctor Who game in honor of the show's 50th anniversary.^[21]
• On May 19, 2014, for the 40th anniversary of the Rubik's cube, Google made an interactive virtual Rubik's Cube that people could try and solve.
• On April 14, 2015, for the 155th anniversary of the Pony Express, Google made a playable 2D side-scrolling doodle game in which the player collects mail, avoids obstacles, and delivers up to 100 letters from California to Missouri.^[22]
• On December 17, 2015, a Google Doodle was featured honoring the 245th anniversary of Beethoven's baptism.^[23] It features an interactive game to match the musical writing in correct order as it featured 4 levels.
• On August 5, 2016, for the 2016 Summer Olympics, the Google app received an update for Android and iOS devices to include 7 mini games called "Doodle Fruit Games" featuring Strawberry, Blueberry, Coconut, Pineapple and more. It lasted until August 21, with a new mini game every day. The game was accessible on the Google app by clicking on a play button.
• On October 30, 2016, for Halloween, Google added a game featuring a cat named Momo, who defends ghosts. To play, users had to click on a play button, and users have to "draw" to kill the ghosts.

Common themes

For New Year 2014, Google created an animated image depicting dancing numbers

Since Google first celebrated the Thanksgiving holiday with a Doodle in 1998, many Doodles for holidays, events and other celebrations have recurred on an annual basis, including the following:

• Gregorian New Year (2000–present)
• Martin Luther King, Jr. Day (2003; 2006–present)
• Lunar New Year (2001; 2003–present)
• Valentine's Day (2000–present; partial exception during certain Olympic years)
• International Women's Day (2005; 2009–present)
• Saint Patrick's Day (2000–2002; 2004–present)
• Earth Day (2001–present)
• Mother's Day (2000–present)
• Father's Day (2000–present)
• U.S. Independence Day (2000–present)
• Bastille Day (2000–present)
• Olympic Games (2000–present; partial exception in 2014)
• Halloween (1999–present)
• U.S. Thanksgiving Day (1998–present)
• December 25^{[lower-alpha 1]} (1999–present)
• New Year's Eve (2010–present)

"Doodle 4 Google" competitions

Original Google "Doodler" employee Dennis Hwang at a Doodle 4 Google event in Beijing

Google holds competitions for school students to create their own Google doodles, referred to as "Doodle 4 Google".^[26] Winning doodles go onto the Doodle 4 Google website, where the public can vote for the winner, who wins a trip to the Googleplex and the hosting of the winning doodle for 24 hours on the Google website.

The competition originated in the United Kingdom, and has since expanded to the United States and other countries. The competition was also held in Ireland in 2008.^[27] Google announced a Doodle 4 Google competition for India in 2009^[28] and the winning doodle was displayed on the Google India homepage on November 14. A similar competition held in Singapore based on the theme "Our Singapore" was launched in January 2010 and the winning entry was chosen from over 30,000 entries received. The winning design will be shown on Singapore's National Day on Google Singapore's homepage.^[29] It was held again in 2015 in Singapore and was themed 'Singapore: The next 50 years'.

Controversy and criticism

On September 13, 2007, Google posted a doodle honoring author Roald Dahl on the anniversary of his birth. This date also happened to coincide with the first day of the Jewish holiday of Rosh Hashanah, and Google was immediately criticized by some groups for this decision due to the fact that Dahl was anti-Israel. Google removed the Doodle by 2:00 p.m. that day, and there remains no evidence of its existence in Google's official Doodle archive to this date.^[30][31] Google was also criticized for not featuring versions of the Google logo for American patriotic holidays such as Memorial Day and Veterans Day.^[32] That year, Google featured a logo commemorating Veterans Day.^[33]

On March 31, 2013, Google was criticized for posting a doodle celebrating American activist Cesar Chavez instead of Easter on their American homepage.^[34] In 2014, Google received some criticism for failing to honor the 70th anniversary of the D-Day invasion with a Doodle and instead honoring a Japanese Go player.^[35] In response to the criticism, Google deleted the logo and added a series of links to images of the invasion of Normandy.^[35] Google was also criticized following a study indicating that the majority of doodle subjects were white men, and that not enough women or people of other ethnicities were celebrated. The company responded that the issue was being addressed.^[36]

On May 19, 2016, Google honored Yuri Kochiyama, an Asian American activist, with a Doodle on its main U.S. homepage.^[37][38][39] This choice was criticized due to some of Kochiyama's controversial opinions, such as an admiration for Osama bin Laden and Mao Zedong.^[37][38][40] U.S. senator Pat Toomey called for a public apology from Google.^[41] Google did not respond to any criticism, nor did they alter the presentation of the Doodle on their homepage or on the Doodle's dedicated page.^[42]

See also

• Brand management
• Interactive media

Notes

References

External links

• Google Doodles archive
• Google Doodle's channel on YouTube