Linagliptin

Linagliptin
Clinical data

Pronunciation	LIN-a-GLIP-tin
Trade names	Tradjenta, Trajenta
AHFS/Drugs.com	Consumer Drug Information
MedlinePlus	a611036
License data	EU EMA: Trajenta US FDA: Linagliptin
Pregnancy category	US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
Routes of administration	By mouth (tablets)
ATC code	A10BH05 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) UK: POM (Prescription only) US: ℞-only ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	~30% (T_max = 1.5 hours)
Protein binding	75–99% (concentration-dependent)
Metabolism	Minimal (~10% metabolized)
Metabolites	Pharmacologically inactive
Biological half-life	~12 hours
Excretion	Feces (80%), urine (5%)^[1]
Identifiers
IUPAC name 8-[(3R)-3-Aminopiperidin-1-yl]-7-(but-2-yn-1-yl)-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl]-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione
CAS Number	668270-12-0^Y
PubChem (CID)	10096344
IUPHAR/BPS	6318
ChemSpider	8271879^N
UNII	3X29ZEJ4R2^Y
KEGG	D09566^Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:68610^N
ChEMBL	CHEMBL237500^N
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₅H₂₈N₈O₂
Molar mass	472.54 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES CC#CCN1C2=C(N=C1N3CCC[C@H](C3)N)N(C(=O)N(C2=O)CC4=NC5=CC=CC=C5C(=N4)C)C
InChI InChI=1S/C25H28N8O2/c1-4-5-13-32-21-22(29-24(32)31-12-8-9-17(26)14-31)30(3)25(35)33(23(21)34)15-20-27-16(2)18-10-6-7-11-19(18)28-20/h6-7,10-11,17H,8-9,12-15,26H2,1-3H3/t17-/m1/s1^N Key:LTXREWYXXSTFRX-QGZVFWFLSA-N^N
^NY (what is this?) (verify)

Linagliptin (INN,^[2] previously known as BI-1356, marketed under trade names Tradjenta (U.S.) and Trajenta (worldwide)) is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor developed by Boehringer Ingelheim for treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2.

Once-daily linagliptin was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on 2 May 2011 for treatment of type 2 diabetes.^[3] It is being marketed by Boehringer Ingelheim and Lilly.

Medical uses

Results in 2010 from a Phase III clinical trial of linagliptin showed that the drug can effectively reduce blood sugar.^[4]

Side effects

Linagliptin may cause severe joint pain.^[1]^[5]

Mechanism of action

Linagliptin belongs to a class of drugs called DPP-4 inhibitors. They work by increasing hormones that stimulate pancreas to produce more insulin and stimulate your liver to produce less glucose. In other words, linagliptin, along with diet and exercise, can help the body produce more insulin and less sugar. Managing blood sugar can mean a lower HbA_1c — that's an important goal for anyone with type 2 diabetes.

References

1 2 "Tradjenta (linagliptin) Tablets. Full Prescribing Information" (PDF). Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
↑ "International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN). Recommended International Nonproprietary names: List 61" (PDF). World Health Organization. p. 66. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
↑ "FDA Approves Type 2 Diabetes Drug from Boehringer Ingelheim and Lilly". 3 May 2011.
↑ "Four Phase III Trials Confirm Benefits of BI's Oral, Once-Daily Type 2 Diabetes Therapy". Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News. 28 June 2010.
↑ "DPP-4 Inhibitors for Type 2 Diabetes: Drug Safety Communication - May Cause Severe Joint Pain". FDA. 2015-08-28. Retrieved 1 September 2015.

H. Spreitzer (September 1, 2008). "Neue Wirkstoffe - BI-1356". Österreichische Apothekerzeitung (in German) (18/2008): 918.
Wang, Y, Serradell, N, Rosa, E, Castaner, R (2008). "BI-1356". Drugs of the Future. 33 (6): 473–477. doi:10.1358/dof.2008.033.06.1215244.

Oral anti-diabetic drugs, insulins and insulin analogs, and other drugs used in diabetes (A10)

Insulin

Sensitizers

Biguanides	Buformin^‡ Metformin^# Phenformin^‡

TZDs/"glitazones" (PPAR)	Ciglitazone^§ Darglitazone^§ Englitazone^§ Lobeglitazone Netoglitazone^§ Pioglitazone Rivoglitazone^† Rosiglitazone Troglitazone^‡

Dual PPAR agonists	Aleglitazar^† Muraglitazar^§ Saroglitazar Tesaglitazar^§

Secretagogues

K⁺_ATP

Sulfonylureas	1st generation: Acetohexamide Carbutamide Chlorpropamide Glycyclamide Metahexamide Tolazamide Tolbutamide 2nd generation: Glibenclamide (glyburide)^# Glibornuride Glicaramide Gliclazide Glimepiride Glipizide Gliquidone Glisoxepide Glyclopyramide

Meglitinides/"glinides"	Mitiglinide Nateglinide Repaglinide

GLP-1 agonists

DPP-4 inhibitors/"gliptins"

Free fatty acid receptor 1 (GPR40)

Fasiglifam^†

Analogs/other insulins

fast-acting (Insulin aspart
Insulin glulisine
Insulin lispro)
short-acting (Regular insulin)
long-acting (Insulin detemir
Insulin glargine
NPH insulin)
ultra-long-acting (Insulin degludec)
inhalable (Exubera^‡
Afrezza)

Other

Aldose reductase inhibitors	Epalrestat Fidarestat^§ Ranirestat^† Tolrestat^‡ Zenarestat^§

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors	Acarbose Miglitol Voglibose

Amylin analog	Pramlintide

Sodium glucose transporter (SGLT2) inhibitors/"gliflozins"	Canagliflozin Dapagliflozin Empagliflozin Ipragliflozin Remogliflozin^§ Sergliflozin^§ Tofogliflozin^†

Other	Benfluorex^‡ Bromocriptine

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Linagliptin.

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/30/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.