KuMoHa 12

KuMoHa 12
KuMoHa 12052 on an Ōkawa Branch Line service, circa December 1990
In service	1933–2002
Constructed	1933–1987 (intermittent)
Operator(s)	JGR (1933–1949) JNR (1949–1987) JR East (1987–1996) JR Central (1987–2002)
Line(s) served	Various
Specifications
Car body construction	Steel
Car length	17,000 mm (55 ft 9 in)
Traction system	Resistor control
Current collection method	overhead catenary
Track gauge	1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)

The KuMoHa 12 (クモハ12形) is a class of electric multiple unit (EMU) railroad cars formerly used by the Japanese National Railways (JNR). These are EMU power cars of 17-meter (56 ft) length with a driver's cab at each end, three passenger doors on each side, and lengthwise bench-type passenger seating. The cars themselves were built in the later 1920s and 1930s for JNR's predecessor, the Japanese Government Railways (JGR), but the class, originally named MoHa 12 (モハ12形), was established on 1 June 1953 by a JNR revision of its rolling stock classification regulations. In June 1959, a new JNR classification revision assigned the code KuMo (クモ) to all cab-equipped power cars, giving the KuMoHa 12 class its present name.

When the MoHa 12 class was formed in 1953, it consisted of 13 cars of the old JGR dual-cab MoHa 34 class. Over time, additional cars were added by remodeling related old JGR classes, for an eventual total of 33 cars.

List of cars

The various KuMoHa 12 cars have the following origins:

• 12000–12003 - Built in 1933 as dual-cab MoHa 34 cars.
• 12010–12018 - Built in 1929-1930 as single-cab MoHa 31 cars, then remodeled in 1950-1951 with dual cabs as MoHa 34 cars.
• 12019–12027 - Built in 1929-1931 as single-cab MoHa 31 cars and reclassified in 1953 as MoHa 11 series 200. Remodeled in 1958 as dual-cab MoHa 12 cars.
• 12030–12032 - Built in 1939-1941 as single-cab MoHa 50 cars and reclassified in 1953 as MoHa 11 series 400. Remodeled in 1958 as dual-cab MoHa 12 cars.
• 12040 - Built in 1926 as a single-cab MoHa 30 car and reclassified in 1953 as a MoHa 11 series 100. Remodeled in 1960 as a dual-cab KuMoHa 12 car.
• 12041 - Built in 1927 as a single-cab MoHa 30, remodeled in 1953 as a cabless MoHa 10, and remodeled again in 1964 as KuMoYa 22 tractor car 22112. Converted in 1987 to a KuMoHa 12 for special-event passenger service by JR Central on the Iida Line.^[1] This car has been exhibited at the SCMaglev and Railway Park since March 2011.^[2]
• 12050–12055 - Built in 1929-1931 as single-cab MoHa 31 cars and reclassified in 1953 as MoHa 11 series 200. Remodeled in 1959 as dual-cab KuMoHa 12 cars.^[1] Later operated by JR East on the Tsurumi Line (Ōkawa Branch Line). The last car was withdrawn in 1996.

• 
  KuMoHa 12041 used by JR Central as a special-event car on the Iida Line

References

Electric multiple units of Japanese National Railways
DC commuter/suburban	12 52 63 72 101 103 105 111 113 115 117 119 121 123 201 203 205 207 211 213 301
DC express/limited express	80 151 153 155 157 159 161 165 167 169 181 183 185 189 381
AC/DC commuter/suburban	401 403 413 415 417 419 421 423
AC/DC express/limited express	451 453 455 457 471 473 475 481 483 485 489 581 583
AC commuter/suburban	711 713 715 717
AC limited express	781
Non-revenue/experimental	141 143 145 147 193 443 591 791
This list shows all JNR EMUs, both active and withdrawn. Shinkansen types are omitted.

Multiple units of Central Japan Railway Company
Current / active	Shinkansen       AC EMUs 700 N700 Conventional lines (Narrow- gauge) DC EMUs 211 213 311 313 285 373 383 DMUs KiHa 11 KiHa 25 KiHa 75 KiHa 85 Non-revenue AC EMU 923 DMUs KiYa 95 KiYa 97
Future	Shinkansen Maglev L0       AC EMU N700S
Retired / withdrawn	Shinkansen       AC EMUs 0 100 300 Conventional lines DC EMUs KuMoHa 12 103 113 115 117 119 123 165 371 381 DMUs KiHa 30 KiHa 40 KiHa 58 KiHa 65 KiHa 80 Non-revenue AC EMUs 922-10 300X DC EMUs KuMoYa 90 145 193

Multiple units of East Japan Railway Company
Current / active	Shinkansen       AC EMUs E2 series E3 series E4 series E5 series E6 series E7 series Conventional lines (Narrow- gauge) DC EMUs 107 115 E127 E129 205 209 211 215 E217 E231 E233 E235 185 189 251 253 255 E257 E259 E351 E353 DC BEMU EV-E301 AC/DC EMUs 415 E501 E531 485 583 651 E653 E655 E657 AC EMUs 701 719 E721 E751 DMUs KiHa 40 KiHa 100/110 KiHa E120 KiHa E130 KiHa 141 KiHa 58 Hybrid MUs KiHa E200 HB-E210 HB-E300 Non-revenue AC EMU E926 DC EMUs 143 145 E491 DC BEMU E995
Future	Conventional lines AC BEMU EV-E801     Hybrid EDC E001
Retired / withdrawn	Shinkansen       AC EMUs 200 series 400 series E1 series Conventional lines DC EMUs KuMoHa 12 101 103 105 113 123 201 203 207 301 E331 157 165 167 169 183 AC/DC EMUs 401 403 417 451 453 455 457 483 489 AC EMUs 715 717 DMUs KiHa 20 KiHa 35 KiHa 37 KiHa 38 KiHa 45 Non-revenue AC EMUs 925 STAR21 Fastech 360 KuMoYa 740 KuMoYa 743 DC EMUs KuMoYa 90 193 901 E993   AC/DC EMUs KuMoYa 441 443 KuYa 497 E991 DMU KiYa 191 Hybrid MU KiYa E991