Kiss You (One Direction song)

"Kiss You"
Single by One Direction
from the album Take Me Home
A-side "Kiss You"
B-side "Little Things"
Released 7 January 2013
Format
Recorded 2012
Genre Power pop
Length 3:04
Label
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
  • Rami Yacoub
  • Carl Falk
One Direction singles chronology
"Little Things"
(2012)		 "Kiss You"
(2013)		 "One Way or Another (Teenage Kicks)"
(2013)

"Kiss You" is a song recorded by English-Irish boy band One Direction for their second studio album, Take Me Home (2012). It was released as the record's second single in Germany and the third overall single on 7 January 2013. The song was composed by Kristoffer Fogelmark, Kristian Lundin, Albin Nedler, Savan Kotecha, Shellback and its producers, Carl Falk and Rami Yacoub. "Kiss You" is an upbeat power pop song with electronic effects; the lyrics detail a protagonist's infatuation with a significant other. Critics praised the song for its production, calling it a stand-out track on Take Me Home.

The track became the group's sixth top-ten hit in Ireland and the United Kingdom, while attaining top-forty positions in both Belgian territories (Flanders and Wallonia), as well as in Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, New Zealand, and the Netherlands. The single peaked at number 46 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and has been certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of 500,000 copies. One Direction performed "Kiss You" on both the UK and US versions of The X Factor and 3 major concert tours: Take Me Home Tour (2013), Where We Are Tour (2014) and On the Road Again Tour (2015).

An accompanying music video, designed to display the group's comedic timing, was directed by Vaughan Arnell, who had previously worked with the group on two other music videos. The clip depicts the band shooting various scenes via a green screen, which include sequences reminiscent of iconic music videos of songs such as the Beach Boys' "Surfer Girl", Elvis Presley's "Jailhouse Rock" and Rammstein's "Mein Land". The music video received 10.4 million views in a 24-hour period and positive commentary from reviewers, who appreciated its carefree, jubilant nature.

The song was included in the dancing game Just Dance 2014, and is also one of the select songs available on the demo version. Additionally, it is the final main track on the US edition of Now That's What I Call Music! 46.

Background and release

"Kiss You" was written by Kristoffer Fogelmark, Kristian Lundin, Albin Nedler, Savan Kotecha, Shellback, and its producers, Carl Falk and Rami Yacoub.[1] Falk, Kotecha, and Yacoub had collaboratively composed One Direction's previous hit singles, "What Makes You Beautiful", "One Thing", and "Live While We're Young".[2] In April 2012, The Independent reported that Simon Cowell, the group's manager, had challenged prominent songwriters to compete for space on One Direction's second album.[3] Falk said, "It's important to get their personalities on the music."[3] In addition, the article reported that Syco Records was working on candidates that included Max Martin and Lundin.[3]

"Kiss You" was chosen as the second US single and third international from their second studio album, Take Me Home.[4] Liam Payne, a group member, in a November 2012 interview with MTV News, explained why they chose "Kiss You" as the album's second single in the US.[4] Payne was quoted as saying: "With the album, that's the first one that we listened to and we were like, 'Yeah, we love this song'".[4] According to a MTV News article, the number was released digitally in the United States on 17 November 2012.[4] By 18 January 2013, the song had not been officially promoted to US radio stations.[5] The track, however, was released by Sony Music Entertainment on 8 February 2013, as the record's second single in Germany.[6]

Composition and reception

"Kiss You" is an uptempo, upbeat power pop song which runs for a duration of 3:04 (3 minutes, four seconds).[7][8][9] The track features electronic effects, colossal hooks, a "na na na" breakdown, and a Motown-tinged melody.[7][8][9][10][11] One Direction's vocal range in the song span from the note of E4 to C♯6.[12] Instrumentation includes guitar strings, piano lines and vocals.[12] Written in the key of E major, the beat is set in common time and moves at a quick 90 beats per minute, according to the digital sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Sony/ATV Music Publishing.[12] Likewise, Matt Collar from Allmusic noted that the track is "frenetically hyper".[13] The lyrical content regards the protagonist's infatuation with a significant other, and incorporates euphemisms for sexual intercourse in the lines "If you don’t wanna take it slow/And you just wanna take me home/Baby say yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah."[14][15]

"Kiss You" was well received by contemporary music critics, who centred on its quality of production. Both Rolling Stone's Jon Dolan, who praised its effectiveness, and Chris Payne of Billboard, who appreciated the melody, described "Kiss You" as one of the album's highlights.[7][9] Alexis Petridis for The Guardian commended the track's chorus as "hard to dislodge from your brain".[16] Robert Copsey of Digital Spy noted the song's possibility to become an international hit, applauding it sonically.[11] A reviewer for MTV News described the track's lyricism as "butterflies-inducing",[10] and Sam Lansky of Idolator wrote that "Kiss You" is noticeably a stand-out track on its parent album.[17] Melinda Newman, writing for HitFix, regarded the song as "a bouncy, electronic infectious ditty,"[8] while Chris Younie, a critic from 4Music, deemed it an "amazing pop song", lauding the group's falsetto and its "head-banging anthemic" chorus.[14]

Commercial performance

The single made its Irish Singles Chart debut at number 24 on the week ending 13 December 2012.[18] It peaked at number seven on the week ending 17 January 2013, marking their sixth top ten appearance in Ireland.[19][20] "Kiss You" entered at number 152 in the UK Singles Chart on 24 November 2012.[21] It peaked at number nine on the UK Singles Chart on 26 January 2013, becoming One Direction's sixth top ten hit in the United Kingdom.[22][23] On the week ending 18 November 2012, "Kiss You" debuted at number 90 on the United States Billboard Hot 100 due to digital download sales from its parent album.[24] As a result of an "end-of-year download rush" on the week ending 30 December 2012, the track re-entered the Hot 100 at number 83.[25] After the accompanying music video was released, the song re-entered the Hot 100 at number 65.[5] "Kiss You" had sold 207,000 digital downloads in the US by 18 January 2013.[5] The single ultimately peaked at number 46 on the Hot 100 and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on 25 April 2013, denoting shipments of 500,000 copies.[26][27]

The song became One Direction's fourth top-forty hit on the Canadian Hot 100, peaking at number 30.[28] The single bowed at number 13 on the Australian Singles Chart on 27 January 2013, marking its peak position and the group's fourth top twenty hit in Australia.[29][30] The song has been certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for shipments of 70,000 copies.[31] The track entered the New Zealand Singles Chart at number 17 on 11 January 2013. It peaked at number 13 in its third and fourth charting weeks, becominh the group's sixth top-forty appearance in New Zealand.[32][33] "Kiss You" has received a gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ), indicating sales of 7,500 copies.[34] The track also reached the top 40 in both Belgian territories (Flanders and Wallonia),[35][36] as well as in the Czech Republic,[37] Denmark,[38] France,[39] the Netherlands,[40] and South Korea.[41] In addition, "Kiss You" received gold certifications from the IFPI Norway and Denmark associations, signifying collective shipments of 20,000 units.[42][43]

Music video

The single's accompanying music video pays homage to teen idols of the past, including Elvis Presley, the Beach Boys, and The Beatles (pictured)

The accompanying music video, directed by Vaughan Arnell, who had previously directed One Direction's music videos for "Live While We're Young" and "Little Things", was designed to showcase the group's comedic timing.[4][44] Inspired by the Beach Boys, cult surfing films, old Hollywood, and British cinema, the music video incorporates "a technicolor vibe and a British kind of romp", as noted by Arnell in a MTV News interview.[44]

Shot by November 2012, the music video was characterised, in several MTV News interviews, as "bigger than anything we've done before" by Zayn Malik, as "a lot of hard work" by Payne, as "pure stupidity" by Louis Tomlinson, and as "I wouldn't say [it's] comedy, it's all tongue-in-cheek" by Arnell.[4][44][45] Premiering worldwide on Vevo on 7 January 2013, the music video depicts the band shooting different scenes via a green screen, dressed as sailors, surfers, skiers and jailers.[46] The video features scenes reminiscent of the films South Pacific, To Catch a Thief, Jailhouse Rock and Beach Blanket Bingo, as well as the iconic music videos of songs such as The Beach Boys' "Surfer Girl", Elvis Presley's "Blue Hawaii" and Rammstein's "Mein Land", among others.[44][46][47][48]

The music video garnered 10.4 million views in a 24-hour period, failing to attain the Vevo record held by Justin Bieber's "Beauty and a Beat" music video (10.6 million).[5] Despite a 34% gain in weekly activity to their Vevo channel, with the clip's success and preceding teaser videos earning 38 million views during the week, One Direction held at number two on the Billboard's Social 50 chart [5] A 15% rise in Facebook reaction gave way to a 154,000 increase in Facebook likes during the week. 191,000 Twitter followers added contributed to their overall fan base increase as well.[5]

Melinda Newman, a contributor for HitFix, favoured the clip as having "everything a video by a boy band should be" and found group's careless tone delightful.[48] Rebecca Macatee of E! Online praised its "intentionally cheesy and utterly adorable" sequences,[49] and MTV News's Jocelyn Vena described the clip as "conquering old Hollywood".[44] Molly Chance, writing for Zap2it, was convinced that upon watching the "adorable" music video, the viewer should have a hard time disliking the group.[50] Mikael Wood, the critic for Los Angeles Times, commended the group for "having a genuinely great time", rather than going through the motions.[51]

Live performances

As part of its promotion, One Direction performed the song on televised programmes and during their worldwide Take Me Home Tour (2013).[52] One Direction performed the track on The Today Show at the Rockefeller Center on 13 November 2012, to a record crowd estimated at 15,000.[53] "Kiss You" was included in the set list of the group's 3 December 2012 sold-out show at New York City's Madison Square Garden.[54] One Direction delivered a performance of "Kiss You", in front of a video game-themed set, on the final of the ninth series of The X Factor UK on 10 December 2012.[55] According to the Daily Mail, their "energetic rendition" of "Kiss You" proved that the group have an elusive quality.[55] On 12 December 2012, the group also performed the number on the final of the second season of The X Factor USA.[56] Considering One Direction the "franchise's biggest success story", an editor for The Huffington Post opined that the boy band's prominent presence on both the US and UK versions of The X Factor seemed fitting.[56] Not only Take Me Home Tour, they also performance in Where We Are Tour (2014) & On the Road Again Tour (2015)

Track listing

  1. "Kiss You" – 3:04
  2. "Little Things" – 3:42

Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from Take Me Home's liner notes.[1]

Charts

Chart (2013) Peak
position
scope="row" Australia (ARIA)[29] 13
scope="row" Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[57] 57
scope="row" Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[35] 30
scope="row" Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[36] 33
Brazil (Billboard Brasil Hot 100)[58] 86
Brazil Hot Pop Songs[58] 28
scope="row" Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[28] 30
scope="row" Czech Republic (Rádio Top 100)[37] 19
scope="row" Denmark (Tracklisten)[38] 24
scope="row" France (SNEP)[39] 36
scope="row" Germany (Official German Charts)[59] 69
scope="row" Ireland (IRMA)[19] 7
Italy (FIMI)[60] 47
Japan (Japan Hot 100)[61] 18
Mexico Airplay (Billboard)[62] 149
Mexico Top Anglo (Monitor Latino)[63] 13
scope="row" Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[40] 15
scope="row" New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[32] 13
scope="row" Scotland (Official Charts Company)[64] 7
South Korea (Gaon Music Chart)[41] 16
scope="row" Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[65] 50
scope="row" Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[66] 45
scope="row" UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[22] 9
scope="row" US Billboard Hot 100[26] 46
scope="row" US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[67] 19

Certifications

Region Certification Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[68] Platinum 70,000^
Canada (Music Canada)[69] Platinum 80,000^
Denmark (IFPI Denmark)[42] Gold 15,000^
Japan (RIAJ)[70] Gold 100,000^
Mexico (AMPROFON)[71] Gold 30,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[34] Gold 7,500*
Norway (IFPI Norway)[43] Gold 5,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[72] Silver 320,000[73]
United States (RIAA)[74] Gold 500,000^
Venezuela (APFV)[75] Gold 5,000^

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone

Release history

Country Date Format Label
Germany[6] 7 January 2013 CD single Syco
Italy[76] 15 February 2013 Contemporary hit radio Sony

References

  1. 1 2 Take Me Home (liner notes). One Direction. Syco Records. 2012.
  2. ↑ "One Direction Confirm New Single 'Live While We're Young'". MTV News. Viacom. 23 August 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 Adam Sherwin (3 April 2012). "One Direction – but where next? Writers join battle to create boy band's next hits". The Independent. London: Independent Print Limited. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Christina Garibaldi (17 November 2012). "One Direction Find The Force In 'Kiss You' Video". MTV News. Viacom. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 William Gruger (18 January 2013). "One Direction battles Justin Bieber for vevo record, social 50 Chart supremacy". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
  6. 1 2 3 "Kiss You [Single]". Amazon. 8 February 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
  7. 1 2 3 Jon Dolan (14 November 2012). "Take Me Home – review". Rolling Stone. Jann Wenner. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
  8. 1 2 3 Melinda Newman (12 November 2012). "Album Review: One Direction's 'Take Me Home' masterfully hits its target". HitFix. HitFix Inc. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  9. 1 2 3 Chris Payne. "One Direction, 'Take Me Home': Track –By –Track Review". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media.
  10. 1 2 "One Direction  – 'Take Me Home' First Listen!". MTV News. Viacom. 6 November 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2013.
  11. 1 2 Robert Copsey (11 November 2012). "One Direction: 'Take Me Home' – Album review". Digital Spy. Hearst Magazines UK. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
  12. 1 2 3 "One Direction  – Kiss You". Musicnotes.com (EMI Music Publishing). Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  13. ↑ Matt Collar (11 November 2012). "Take Me Home (CD  – Sony Music Distribution #88725475972)". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
  14. 1 2 Chris Younie (11 November 2012). "Review: One Direction  – Take Me Home". 4Music. Bauer Media Group/Channel Four Television Corporation. Retrieved 16 February 2013.
  15. ↑ Jon Caramanica (14 November 2012). "Riding the Boy Band Wave While It Lasts". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
  16. ↑ Alexis Petridis (8 November 2012). "One Direction: Take Me Home  – review". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  17. ↑ Sam Lansky (13 November 2012). "One Direction's 'Take Me Home': Album Review". Idolator. Buzz Media. Retrieved 16 February 2013.
  18. ↑ "Top 100 singles, week ending 13 December 2012". Chart-track. GFK. 13 December 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  19. 1 2 "Chart Track: Week 3, 2013". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  20. ↑ "Discography One Direction". irish-charts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  21. ↑ "UK Singles Chart: CLUK Update (24.11.2012 – week 46)". ChartsPlus. 24 November 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  22. 1 2 "Archive Chart: 2013-01-26" UK Singles Chart. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  23. ↑ "One Direction – Official Charts Company". UK Singles Chart. United Kingdom: Official Charts Company. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
  24. ↑ Paul Williams (22 November 2012). "US charts: Brits hit highest chart-topping tally since Eighties". Music Week. Intent Media. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  25. ↑ Paul Williams (4 January 2013). "US charts: One-track downloads hit record high". Music Week. Intent Media. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  26. 1 2 "One Direction – Chart history" Billboard Hot 100 for One Direction. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  27. ↑ "Gold and Platinum > Searchable Database > One Direction". United States: Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Retrieved 27 May 2013.
  28. 1 2 "One Direction – Chart history" Canadian Hot 100 for One Direction. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  29. 1 2 "Australian-charts.com – One Direction – Kiss You". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  30. ↑ "Discography One Direction". Australian-charts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
  31. ↑ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2013 Singles". Australia: Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  32. 1 2 "Charts.org.nz – One Direction – Kiss You". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  33. ↑ "Discography One Direction". charts.org.nz. Switzerland: Hung Medien. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  34. 1 2 "NZ Top 40 Singles". Nztop40.co.nz. New Zealand: Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ). 11 February 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2013.
  35. 1 2 "Ultratop.be – One Direction – Kiss You" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  36. 1 2 "Ultratop.be – One Direction – Kiss You" (in French). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  37. 1 2 "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201315 into search.
  38. 1 2 "Danishcharts.com – One Direction – Kiss You". Tracklisten. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  39. 1 2 "Lescharts.com – One Direction – Kiss You" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  40. 1 2 "Nederlandse Top 40 – One Direction search results" (in Dutch) Dutch Top 40. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  41. 1 2 "South Korea Gaon international chart (week: November 11, 2012 to November 17, 2012)". Gaon Chart. 15 December 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  42. 1 2 "Certificeringen". IFPI Denmark. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  43. 1 2 "Norway Awards". IFPI. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  44. 1 2 3 4 5 "One Direction's 'Kiss You' Conquers 'Old Hollywood': Move Over, Elvis!". MTV News. Viacom. 7 January 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  45. ↑ "One Direction Tease 'Pure Stupidity' In 'Kiss You' Vid!". MTV News. Viacom. 21 December 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  46. 1 2 "One Direction's 'Kiss You' Music Video!". Daily Mirror. Trinity Mirror. 7 January 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  47. ↑ "One Direction 'Kiss You' in Jail, on the Beach in Retro Video". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. 7 January 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
  48. 1 2 Melina Newman (7 January 2013). "One Direction members get their cute on in 'Kiss You' video: Watch". HitFix. HitFix, Inc. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
  49. ↑ Rebecca Macatee (7 January 2013). "One Direction Kiss You Video Goes Viral in Wake of Harry Styles-Taylor Swift Breakup News". E! Online. NBCUniversal. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  50. ↑ Molly Chance (7 January 2013). "3 reasons One Direction's 'Kiss You' music video doesn't suck". Zap2it. Tribune Company. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  51. ↑ Mikael Wood (7 January 2013). "One Direction 'skis' and 'surfs' in goofy 'Kiss You' video". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  52. ↑ "One Direction Launch Take Me Home World Tour With Two Sold-Out Shows in London". Capital FM. Global Radio. 22 February 2013. Archived from the original on 28 February 2013. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
  53. ↑ Amelia Proud (13 November 2012). "A Brit of history: One Direction draw record breaking 15,000 crowd to Today show appearance in New York... and announce 3-D movie". Daily Mail. Daily Mail and General Trust. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  54. ↑ Andrew Hampp (4 December 2012). "One Direction Headlines Sold-Out Show at Madison Square Garden". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  55. 1 2 Louise Saunders (9 December 2012). "Take A Bow! A demure Rihanna wows in a white cutaway ensemble as she performs at X Factor final alongside One Direction and Emeli Sandé". Daily Mail. Daily Mail and General Trust. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
  56. 1 2 "One Direction 'X Factor USA': Boy Band Performs New Single, 'Kiss You,' On Show's Finale". The Huffington Post. AOL. 12 December 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  57. ↑ "Austriancharts.at – One Direction – Kiss You" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  58. 1 2 BPP, ed. (June 2013). "Billboard Brasil Hot 100 Airplay". Billboard Brasil (41): 84–89.
  59. ↑ "Offiziellecharts.de – One Direction – Kiss You". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  60. ↑ "Italian Singles Chart Top 50" (in Italian). Musica & Dischi. 16 January 2013. Archived from the original on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
  61. ↑ "Japan Billboard Hot 100" (in Japanese). Billboard Japan. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  62. ↑ "Mexico Airplay". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. 16 January 2013. Archived from the original on 17 January 2012.
  63. ↑ "Top 20 Ingles". Monitor Latino (in Spanish). RadioNotas. Archived from the original on 3 May 2013.
  64. ↑ "Archive Chart: 2013-01-19". Scottish Singles Top 40. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  65. ↑ "Swedishcharts.com – One Direction – Kiss You". Singles Top 100. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  66. ↑ "Swisscharts.com – One Direction – Kiss You". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  67. ↑ "One Direction – Chart history" Billboard Pop Songs for One Direction. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  68. ↑ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2013 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association.
  69. ↑ "Canadian single certifications – One Direction – Kiss You". Music Canada.
  70. ↑ "Japanese single certifications – One Direction – Kiss You" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved 27 January 2016. Select 2014年10月 on the drop-down menu
  71. ↑ "Certificaciones – One Direction" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  72. ↑ "British single certifications – One Direction – Kiss You". British Phonographic Industry. Enter Kiss You in the field Keywords. Select Title in the field Search by. Select single in the field By Format. Select Silver in the field By Award. Click Search
  73. ↑ Myers, Justin (15 November 2014). "One Direction's Official Top 10 Biggest Selling Singles Revealed!". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
  74. ↑ "American single certifications – One Direction – Kiss You". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
  75. ↑ APFV (16 June 2014). "Certificaciones De Venezuela Del 2013" (PDF) (in Spanish). APFV. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
  76. ↑ "ONE DIRECTION - Kiss you (Sony) - Radio Date 15/02/2013". Retrieved 27 October 2014.

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