Kenneth Scott Latourette

Kenneth Scott Latourette (August 6, 1884 – December 26, 1968) was an American historian of China, Japan, and world Christianity.^[1] His formative experiences as Christian missionary and educator in early 20th century China shaped his life's work. Although he did not learn the Chinese language, he became known for his magisterial scholarly surveys of the history of world Christianity, the history of China, and of American relations with East Asia.^[2]

Early life

Latourette was born in Oregon City, Oregon, the son of DeWitt Clinton Latourette and Ella (Scott) Latourette. His mother and father both attended Pacific University in Forest Grove, Oregon, where they graduated in 1878. DeWitt Clinton Latourette was a lawyer in Oregon City.

In 1904, Latourette was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree from Linfield College in Oregon. He continued his education in New Haven, Connecticut at Yale, earning a BA in 1906, an MA in 1907 and PhD in 1909.^[3]

Career

From 1909 through 1910, Latourette served as a traveling secretary for the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions.^[3] In 1910, he joined the faculty of Yale-in China's Yali School at Changsha in Hunan Province. He began to study the Chinese language, but in the summer of 1911 he contracted a severe case of amoeibic dysentery and was forced to return to the United States.^[4]

As he began his recovery, Latourette joined the faculty at Reed College in Portland, Oregon; and from 1914 through 1916, he was a professor of history at Reed.^[3] In 1916, he accepted a position at Denison University, an institution with Baptist affiliations, in Granville, Ohio. ^[4] His time at Denison lasted from 1916 through 1921.^[3] In 1918, while at Denison, Latourette was ordained as a Baptist minister.^[1]

Latourette joined the faculty of the Yale University Divinity School in 1921. Latourette lived in a college dormitory suite during his time at Yale. He welcomed student groups to meet in the living room and was known as "Uncle Ken." ^[4] He accepted appointment as the D. Willis James Professor of Missions and World Christianity (1921–49), and he was later made the Sterling Professor of Missions and Oriental History (1949–53).^[3] In 1938, he was named Chairman of the Department of Religion at Yale. He took on greater responsibilities in 1946 as Director of Graduate Studies at the Yale Divinity School.^[1] From his retirement in 1953 until his death in 1968, he was Sterling Professor Emeritus at the Divinity School.

Latourette was killed at age 84 when an automobile accidentally hit him in front of his family home in Oregon City, Oregon.^[3]

Other achievements

Latourette served as president of the American Historical Association, the Association for Asian Studies, the American Baptist Convention, the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society and the Japan International Christian University Foundation.^[1]

He was a leader in the ecumenical movement,^[1] and he held leadership positions in the American Baptist Missionary Union, the International Board of the Y.M.C.A., the United Board for Christian Colleges in China and the World Council of Churches.

Throughout his life he remained active in the Yale in China Association.

At the Yale Divinity School, the "Latourette Initiative" is a proactive program to preserve and provide access to the documentation of world Christianity. It provides funding for the microfilming of published and archival resources documenting the history of Christian missions and Christian life.

Honors

Latourette was awarded honorary doctorates from seventeen universities in five countries.^[3]

In 1938 he received the Order of Jade from the Government of China.

He is also honored at the campus of William Carey International University^[5] in Pasadena, California. The institution's main library is called the Latourette Library.^[6]

Linfield College named one of their residence halls in his honor in 1946.^[7]

Writings

Latourette was the author of over 80 books on Christianity, Oriental history and customs, and theological subjects.^[1]

He also wrote and spoke out about issues of his time, as for example, when he warned his fellow Americans in 1943 about the unwanted consequences of revenge after Japan should eventually lose the war they started with the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.^[8] In addition, Latourette later wrote extensively on China.

The single work for which Latourette is most remembered is the seven-volume "A History of the Expansion of Christianity".^[9] Latourette noted within Volume 4 that only 5% of Americans in 1790 had formal ties to churches or synagogues.

Latourette's papers are archived in the Divinity Library Special Collections of the Yale University Library.

Selected works

• Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1917), The History of Early Relations Between the United States and China, 1784–1844, New Haven: Yale University Press, OCLC 262540765 .
• ——— (1917), The Development of China, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, OCLC 504850  – full text online
• ——— (1918), The Development of Japan, New York: Macmillan, OCLC 1114012 .
• ——— (1919), The Christian Basis of World Democracy, New York: MacMillan, OCLC 978620 .
• ——— (1929), A History of Christian Missions in China, New York: MacMillan, OCLC 1494316 .
• ——— (1934), The Chinese: Their History and Culture, New York: Macmillan, OCLC 220885107 .
• ——— (1936), Missions Tomorrow, New York: Harper & Brothers, OCLC 500892 .
• ——— (1945), A History of the Expansion of Christianity, New York: Harper & Bros, OCLC 277266105 , 7 vol. comprehensive history of all missions and expansions
  • A history of the expansion of Christianity. 1. The first five centuries (1937)
  • A history of the expansion of Christianity. 2. The thousand years of uncertainty. 500-1500. (1938)
  • A history of expansion of christianity. 3. Three centuries of advance: A.D. 1500-A.D. 1800 (1939)
  • A history of expansion of Christianity. 4. The great century: in Europe and the United States of America; A.D. 1800-A.D. 1914 (1941)
  • A history of the expansion of Christianity. 5. The great century in the Americas, Australasia, and Africa. 1800-1914 (1943)
  • A history of the expansion of Christianity. 6, The great century in Northern Africa and Asia: A.D. 1800 - A.D. 1914 (1944)
  • A history of expansion of Christianity. 7. Advance through storm: AD 1914 and after, with concluding generalizations (1945)
• ——— (1946), The United States Moves Across the Pacific: The ABC's of the American Problem in the Western Pacific and the Far East, New York: Harper & Bros, OCLC 1099575 .
• ——— (1947), The History of Japan, New York: MacMillan, OCLC 217535133 .
• ——— (1946), A Short History of the Far East, New York: MacMillan, OCLC 1061096 .
• ——— (January 1949) [December 29, 1948], "The Christian Understanding of History", American Historical Review (presidential address), Annual meeting, Washington: The American Historical Association, 54 (2): 259–76, doi:10.2307/1845386, JSTOR 1845386 .
• ——— (1967), Beyond the Ranges: the Autobiography of Kenneth Scott Latourette, Grand Rapids: William B Eerdmans, OCLC 996572 .
• ——— (1958–69), Christianity in a Revolutionary Age: A History of Christianity in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, OCLC 382082 .
  • ——— (1969), Christianity in a Revolutionary Age, I: The Nineteenth Century in Europe: Background and the Roman Catholic Phase .
  • ——— (1959), Christianity in a Revolutionary Age, II: The Nineteenth Century in Europe: The Protestant and Eastern Churches .
  • ——— (1969), Christianity in a Revolutionary Age, III: The Nineteenth Century Outside Europe: The Americas, the Pacific, Asia and Africa .
  • ——— (1958), Christianity in a Revolutionary Age, IV: The Twentieth Century in Europe: The Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Churches .
  • ——— (1962), Christianity in a Revolutionary Age, V: The Twentieth Century Outside Europe: The Americas, the Pacific, Asia, and Africa: The Emerging World Christian Community .

Notes

References

• Anderson, Gerald H (1998), "Kenneth Scott Latourette", Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity (online ed.) .
• Harr, Wilbur C, ed. (1962), Frontiers of the Christian world mission since 1938; essays in honor of Kenneth Scott Latourette .
• Hogg, William Richey (1978), "The legacy of Kenneth Scott Latourette" (PDF), International Bulletin of Missionary Research 
• Kutcher, Norman (Winter 1993), "'The Benign Bachelor': Kenneth Scott Latourette between China and the United States", Journal of American-East Asian Relations, 2 (4): 399–424, doi:10.1163/187656193x00130 .
• Speck, William Allen (1965), The Role of the Christian Historian in the Twentieth Century as Seen in the Writings of Kenneth Scott Latourette, Christopher Dawson, and Herbert Butterfield .
• ——— (1975), "Kenneth Scott Latourette's Vocation as Christian Historian", in Marsden, George; Roberts, Frank, A Christian View of History?, pp. 119–37 .
• Wood, James Edward (1969), Kenneth Scott Latourette (1884–1968): Historian, Ecumenicist, and Friend .

Protestant missions to China
Background	Christianity Protestantism Chinese history Missions timeline Christianity in China Nestorians Jesuits Protestant missions in China 1807–1953
People	Gladys Aylward Pearl S. Buck Thomas Cochrane Hunter Corbett Jonathan Goforth Karl Gützlaff Carl C. Jeremiassen Eric Liddell Robert Samuel Maclay Lottie Moon Robert Morrison (1782-1834) Gideon Nye Timothy Richard Issachar Jacox Roberts (1902-1871) Cambridge Seven Hudson Taylor (more missionaries)
Missionary agencies	OMF International/China Inland Mission LMS ABCFM CMS M.E.M US Presbyterian Mission (more agencies)
Impact	Bible translations into Chinese Medical missions in China Manchurian revival Chinese Christian colleges Chinese hymnody Chinese Roman Type Minnan Roman Type Foochow Roman Type Anti-footbinding Anti-opium
Pivotal events	Taiping Rebellion First Opium War Second Opium War Unequal treaty Yangzhou riot Tianjin Massacre Kucheng Massacre Boxer Crisis Xinhai Revolution Chinese Civil War WWII People's Republic
Chinese Protestants	Feng Yuxiang Liang Fa Wat Ngong (Qu Yaang) Samuel Lamb Wang Ming-Dao Watchman Nee Xi Shengmo Sun Yat-sen John Sung Allen Yuan