Johannes Nikolaus Tetens

Johannes Nikolaus Tetens
Born 16 September 1736
Tetenbüll, Duchy of Schleswig, Denmark (in present-day Eiderstedt, Nordfriesland, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany)
Died 17 August 1807
Copenhagen
Alma mater University of Rostock
University of Copenhagen
Era 18th-century philosophy
Region Western Philosophy
School Phenomenalism[1]
Institutions University of Bützow
University of Kiel
Main interests
Natural philosophy
Mathematics
Epistemology
Theology
Notable ideas
Psychological analysis of the soul[2][3]

Johannes Nikolaus Tetens (also Johann; Danish: Johan Nicolai Tetens; 16 September 1736 – 17 August 1807) was a German-Danish philosopher, statistician and scientist.

He has been called the "German Locke,"[4][5] on the basis of a comparison of his major work Philosophische Versuche über die menschliche Natur und ihre Entwickelung (1777) with the work of John Locke. He is considered to have been an influence on Immanuel Kant.

Einleitung zur Berechnung der Leibrenten, 1785.

Biography

Tetens was born 1736 in Tetenbüll/Tetenbøl in the Danish Duchy of Schleswig. He studied mathematics and physics at the University of Rostock and the University of Copenhagen. He acquired in MA in 1759 and his PhD in 1760. From 1760 to 1765, he taught philosophy and physics ("natural philosophy" at that time) at the University of Bützow (in Bützow, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania). During this decade, he wrote many treatises on various subjects, ranging from the color of the sky to the existence of God through the origins of languages (see e. g. references in Johann Christian Poggendorff, 1863). After this polygraphic formation period, Tetens goes back to more fundamental enquiries: after having read David Hume's work, he popularized it throughout the German-speaking world. Tetens is therefore supposed to have introduced Immanuel Kant to phenomenalistic thought and to the empiricism / transcendence dualism.

In 1776, Tetens became Professor of Philosophy at the University of Kiel, which might have appeared to be his final professional position. Nonetheless, in the years following 1789, Tetens begun another career as a high-ranking Danish civil servant: member of the Finanzcollegium in Copenhagen, then (1791) counselor of state, and (1803) co-director of the state bank and director of the widow pension funds. By this time, he was interested in pure mathematics as well as in applications. His interest in polynomial algebra was influenced by his belonging to the German combinatorial school of Carl Friederich Hindenburg, Christian Kramp and others. His main applied work was concentrated on actuarial mathematics. He taught at Kiel until 1785.

The book Einleitung zur Berechnung der Leibrenten und Anwartschaften, published in Leipzig in 1785 (first part) and 1786 (second part) was a landmark of actuarial science. It contains an extensive synthesis of previous work on the subject, from Halley's mortality table to Richard Price's Observations on reversionary payments. It is recognized by actuaries for featuring the first risk measure ever (the Risico der Casse);[6] moreover it offers some insights in mathematical statistics: by using an approximation of the binomial distribution, Tetens tried to compute the confidence level of a given sampling procedure.[7]

Works

References

  1. Herman Jan de Vleeschauwer, The development of Kantian thought: the history of a doctrine, T. Nelson, 1962, p. 86.
  2. Tetens, Johannes Nicolas, Philosophische Versuche über die menschliche Natur und ihre Entwickelung. 2 Vols. Leipzig, 1777.
  3. Jan Rohls, Protestantische Theologie der Neuzeit, Volume 1, Mohr Siebeck, 1997, p. 201.
  4. Manfred Kuehn, "Hume and Tetens," Hume Studies, XV.2 (November 1989), 365–376, esp. p. 368.
  5. Cf. the appellation that was given to Kant: the "German Hume" (Manfred Kuehn, Kant: A Biography, Cambridge UP, 2001, p. 256).
  6. Text of the “Versuch über das Risico der Casse bey Versorgungsanstalten”, in Risques, n° 81-82, pp. 114-120
  7. Pierre-Charles Pradier, "L'actuariat au siècle des Lumières: risque et décisions économiques et statistiques", Revue économique 54 (2003): 139–156.
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