Jeremiah Dummer (silversmith)
Jeremiah Dummer (14 September 1643 – 24 May 1718)[1] was the first American-born silversmith,[2][3] whose works are today highly valued.
Life
Dummer was born in Newbury, Massachusetts, the first son of Richard Dummer and his second wife, Frances Burr.[4]
At the age of 14, he was apprenticed to John Hull, the mintmaster at Boston.[4] Hull recorded at the time that he "received into my house Jeremie Dummer ... to serve me as Apprentice eight years".[5] When he was 23 he started on his own and became a prolific and notable silversmith making tankards, beakers, porringers, caudle cups and candlesticks. The fluted band on a plain surface is characteristic of his work.[4][6] He is said to have introduced the ornamentation known as "gadrooning", curved flutings on the surface of silver.[7]
He held many public offices, and was a Member and Captain of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Society in 1671 and Constable of Boston in 1675–76.[4] He was appointed Freeman of Boston in 1680, a member of Capt Hutchinson's Company in 1684, a member of the Council of Safety against Andres in 1689, a Selectman of Boston 1691–92, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Suffolk County 1702–15, Treasurer of Suffolk County 1711–16, and was a member in full communion at the venerable First Church.[4]
He was also an engraver, and engraved plates for currency: in 1710 he printed the first paper money in Connecticut.[4] When the government of Connecticut decided in 1709 to issue paper currency, or Bills of Exchange, Dummer was selected to do the engraving of the plates and the printing of the bills. Journals of the Council for 1710 show transactions with Dummer relating to this currency, and in 1712 Governor Saltonstall laid before the Council Board Dummer's bill for printing 6,550 sheets of this paper currency. Dummer's former apprentice, John Coney, had the distinction of engraving the plates for the first paper money issued by Massachusetts some years previously, the first issued on the American continent,[8] although some sources also credit Dummer with the engraving of the Massachusetts copper plates.[9]
Dummer was also one America's foremost early portrait painters. Among his paintings are a self-portrait and portrait of his wife, Anna,[10] together with portraits of many of his contemporaries.[11]
He died on 24 May 1718 in Boston.[1] His obituary printed in the Boston News Letter on 2 June 1718 said:
Departed this life Jeremiah Dummer, Esqr., in the 73rd year of his Age, after a long retirement ... having served his country faithfully in several Publick Stations, and obtained of all that knew him the Character of a Just, Virtuous, and Pious Man;[1]
Apprentices
His apprentices included:[1]
- John Coney (brother-in-law)[12] (c. 1668)
- Eleazer Russell (c. 1677)
- Edward Winslow (c. 1682)
- Kiliaen Van Rensselaer (1683)
- John Edwards (c. 1684)
- John Allen (1685)
- John Noyes (c. 1687)
- William Cowell (c. 1695)
- Daniel Gookin (1696–1704)
- Shubael Dummer (nephew) (c. 1699)
Works
He was a prolific craftsman and over one hundred pieces listed as made by him have been preserved.[6] Dummer's silverwork mark is "ID enclosed over a fleur-de-lis in a heart or occasionally ID in a rectangle".[7]
Among his works in public museum collections:
- Porringer, c. 1665–1670. Engraved "NG" for Nabby (Abigail) Gardiner and "B over E M" for Ebenezer and Mary [Turner] Bowditch. The handle design is believed to be unique in American silver.[1]
- Caudle cup, c. 1680. The only floral decorated caudle cup by Dummer.[1][14]
- Spout cup, c. 1680. Engraved "SCE" around center point on bottom; "1680" on side. Made for Stephen Codman and Elizabeth Randall, m 1674. One of only two Spout cups by Dummer.[1]
- Spout cup, c. 1680–1700. Engraved "H over D E" for Daniel and Elizabeth (Garrish) Henchman. It is the only known example of a two-handled spout cup by an American silversmith.[1]
- Standing salt, 1690–1700. One of only three American silver standing salts known to survive — a good example of the early Baroque style.[15]
- Baptismal Bowl, 1695. The property of the First Parish, Cambridge. The bowl was made and presented to Brattle in 1695 by his Harvard students, as the original inscription "Ex dono Pupillorum" indicates. The Brattle coat of arms is engraved on the rim. The bowl bears Dummer's mark, a heart-shaped device within which are his initials, with a small pellet between the initial, and a fleur-de-lis. It was made for domestic use.[16]
- Communion cup, c. 1700. Engraved "gifft / of / E B" for Edward Brattle, brother of Thomas Brattle, one of the founders of the Brattle Street Church for whom the cup was made.[17]
- Communion cup, 1700. Engraved "Ex dono / Mr. Joshua & / Mrs. Hannah / Bangs / To The Church of Eastham / 1700". This is the earliest example in this form.[1]
- Pair of candlesticks, c. 1686. The coat of arms of Col. Peter Lidgett, a rich merchant, are on the base.[19] These are the earliest surviving American-made silver candlesticks known.[20] These candlesticks are the property of Yale University Art Gallery and were included in a temporary exhibition "Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness" at Seattle Art Museum (February to May 2009) and the Birmingham Museum of Art (October 2009 to January 2010).[21]
- Beaker, c.1697. This beaker is one of twelve that was made by various silversmiths for the First Church of Ipswich and made with silver donated by Captain Simon Stacy, whose name is engraved on the side.[22]
- Two-handled Bowl, ca. 1690–1700. The bowl in engraved with the initials "RPI" that probably stand for Richard and Jane Pattishall. This form is thought to be unique in American silver and was probably influenced by seventeenth-century Portuguese silver. Dummer had trade connections with Portugal and there were examples of Iberian silver in Boston at this time that may have served as sources for the design.[23]
- Spoon, ca. 1685–1700. The spoon has an oval bowl with foliate stamped decoration and bears the initials "NRM" engraved on the back of the handle. The initials are for Rev. Noadiah and Mary Russell, who were wed in 1690.[24]
- Tankard, 1685. Made for Simeon Stoddard's marriage to Mary Downing. With its large, three quart size and elaborate chinoiserie decoration, it is ranked among the finest extant pieces of early American silver,[1] described as "extremely rare due to its size and unusual floral and bird design motifs".[25]
- Tankard, 1696–1705. Handle engraved in Roman capitals:"B / IE". Maker's mark on lid and on body in Roman capitals: "ID" in a heart with a star below.[26]
- Caudle cup, c. 1690. Engraved on base "G" over "IA" for Joseph and Anna (Waldron) Gerrish.[1]
- Tankard, c. 1693. Engraved "R" over "D S" for Daniel and Sarah (Appleton) Rogers.[1]
- Caudle cup, 1666–1672. An inscription reveals that a Margaret Thacher first owned the cup. In 1672 she gave the cup to the First Church of Dorchester, Massachusetts where it held communion wine.[27]
Works at auction
From time to time, Dummer's work comes up for auction.
In January 2005, several pieces of silver from the First Church of Christ, Farmington, Connecticut came up for auction at Sotheby's, New York.[5] Top prices were achieved by a silver two-handled cup c. 1690 ($144,000),[28] a silver two-handled cup c. 1675 ($168,000)[29] and a silver two-handled cup, by John Hull and Robert Sanderson, overstruck by Jeremiah Dummer, c. 1670 which fetched the top price of $204,000.[30]
In January 2007, a beaker from 1670 was auctioned at the New York auction house Christie's, with an estimate of $150,000 to $250,000.[31] The cup, which was given to The First Church in Salem in 1684 by Francis Skerry, who ran a local malt house, realised $204,000, and was bought by an "anonymous collector".[32][33]
Family
In 1672, he was married in Boston to Anna Atwater,[1] daughter of Joseph Atwater of Boston.[4] They had eight children:
- Samuel (1673–1737), became Sheriff of Middlesex County 1729–31
- Mary (1674–1691)
- Jeremiah (1675–1677)
- William (1677–1761), who became Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay
- Richard (1680–1689)
- Jeremiah (1681–1739), who was involved in the foundation of Yale University
- Anna (1684–1764), married John Powell of Boston, merchant. She was the grandmother of William Dummer Powell who became a judge and political figure in Upper Canada.[34]
- Shubael (1692–1702)
His half-brother, Shubael (1636–1692), founded the first Congregational church at York, Maine in 1672 and was killed by Abenakis in the Candlemas Massacre of 1692.[35]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Voss, Wm Erik (2010). "Jeremiah Dummer". American Silversmiths. ancestry.com. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- ↑ "Newbury – A Brief History". Newbury, Mass. Genealogy Project. 28 March 2008. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- ↑ "Who was America's first silversmith?". Frequently Asked Questions. Jeffrey Herman Silversmith. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dummer, Michael (June 2005). "5: Richard and Early Days in New England". The Family of Dummer (7th ed.). pp. 26–27.
- 1 2 Ward, John (21 January 2005). "Colonial Treasures". New York: Sotheby's. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- 1 2 "Encyclopedia Of Antiques". Antiques Digest. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- 1 2 "Dummer, Jeremiah, 1645–1718, early American silversmith and engraver". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- ↑ Curtis, George Munson (1913). "Early silver of Connecticut and its makers". Internet Archive. p. 28. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- ↑ Doty, R. G. (April 2006). "When Money Was Different". www.common-place.org. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- ↑ Coburn, Frederick W. (24 July 1921). "Newly Discovered Painter of the Puritans" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- ↑ "American Silversmiths". Antiques Digest. 1940. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- ↑ "Coney, John". The Antiques Bible. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- ↑ "Dummer". Boston: Museum of Fine Arts. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- ↑ "Caudle Cup about 1680". Boston: Museum of Fine Arts. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- ↑ "Standing Salt 1690–1700". Boston: Museum of Fine Arts. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- ↑ "The Dummer Bowl". First Parish, Cambridge. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- ↑ "Beaker about 1700". Boston: Museum of Fine Arts. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- ↑ "eCatalogue". Yale University Art Gallery. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ↑ "Object Detail – Candlesticks". eCatalogue. Yale University Art Gallery. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- ↑ "Artistic Highlights" (PDF). Gallery Guide. Seattle Art Museum. p. 7. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- ↑ "Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness: American Art from the Yale University Art Gallery". wadeonbirmingham.com. 1 October 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- ↑ Kathryn C. Buhler and Graham Hood, American Silver: Garvan and Other Collections in the Yale University Art Gallery. Vol 1 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970), 23.
- ↑ Kathryn C. Buhler and Graham Hood, American Silver: Garvan and Other Collections in the Yale University Art Gallery. Vol 1 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970), 19.
- ↑ Kathryn C. Buhler and Graham Hood, American Silver: Garvan and Other Collections in the Yale University Art Gallery. Vol 1 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970), 21.
- ↑ "Seattle Art Museum Celebrates its Upcoming 75th Anniversary". Seattle Art Museum. 30 March 2007. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- ↑ "About this artwork". The Art Institute of Chicago. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- ↑ "A Chalice and a Cup Used in Churches". The Two Collectors and Their Collections. Bayou Bend Collection. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- ↑ "Auction Results". New York: Sotheby's. 21 January 2005. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- ↑ "Auction Results". New York: Sotheby's. 21 January 2005. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- ↑ "Auction Results". New York: Sotheby's. 21 January 2005. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- ↑ Dalton, Tom (21 December 2006). "Rare Newbury silver tops major New York auction". Newburyport News. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- ↑ Dalton, Tom (19 January 2007). "Bidders take a shine to silver beaker". Newburyport News. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- ↑ Beach, Laura (6 February 2007). "Early American Silver Reaps A Windfall At Christie's". Antiques & the Arts Online.
- ↑ "Mrs. Anna Dummer Powell". The AMICA Library. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- ↑ Dummer, Michael (June 2005). "5: Richard and Early Days in New England". The Family of Dummer (7th ed.). p. 26.