Jacobite succession

The Jacobite succession is the line through which the crown in pretence of England and Scotland and Ireland (France also claimed) has descended since the flight of James II & VII from London at the time of the "Glorious Revolution". James and his Jacobite successors were traditionally toasted as "The King over the Water".

House of Stuart

The Stuarts who claimed the thrones of England, Scotland, Ireland and France after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 were, with the dates of their claim:

Descendant and Dates of Claim Portrait Birth Marriages Death
James II & VII
11 December 1688 (England & Ireland) / 14 March 1689 (Scotland) –
16 September 1701[1]
14 October 1633
St. James's Palace
son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France[1]
Lady Anne Hyde
(at that time plain Anne Hyde) 3 September 1660
8 children

Princess Mary of Modena
21 November 1673
7 children[1]

16 September 1701
Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
aged 67[1]
James Francis Edward Stuart
("James III & VIII")
("The Old Pretender")
16 September 1701–
1 January 1766
10 June 1688[2]
St. James's Palace
son of James II of England, Ireland & VII of Scotland and Mary of Modena
Princess Clementina Sobieski
3 September 1719
2 children
1 January 1766
Palazzo Muti
aged 77
Charles Edward Stuart
("Charles III")
("The Young Pretender")
("Bonnie Prince Charlie")
1 January 1766–
31 January 1788
31 December 1720[3]
Palazzo Muti
son of James Francis Edward Stuart and Clementina Sobieski
Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern
28 March 1772
no children
(2 illegitimate children)
31 January 1788
Palazzo Muti
aged 67
Henry Benedict Stuart
("Henry IX & I")
("Cardinal Duke of York")
31 January 1788–
13 July 1807
11 March 1725[4]
Rome
son of James Francis Edward Stuart and Clementina Sobieski
Cardinal. Never married.13 July 1807
Frascati
aged 82

Upon Henry's death, the succession passed to a different house, and none of the Jacobite heirs since has actually claimed the thrones of England and Scotland or incorporated the arms of England and Scotland in their coats-of-arms.

House of Savoy

See also: House of Savoy

Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia was a descendant of Charles I through his youngest daughter Henrietta Anne. Her daughter Anne Marie of Orléans married Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia, and Charles Emmanuel IV was great-grandson of Queen Anne Marie in the male line.

Descendent and Dates of Claim Portrait Birth Marriages Death
Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia
("Charles IV")
13 July 1807–
6 October 1819
24 May 1751
Turin
son of Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and Maria Antonietta of Bourbon
Princess Marie Clotilde of France
1775
No children
6 October 1819
Rome
aged 68
Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
("Victor")
6 October 1819–
10 January 1824
24 July 1759
Turin
son of Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and Maria Antonietta of Bourbon
Archduchess Maria Teresa of Austria-Este
21 April 1789
7 children
10 January 1824
Moncalieri
aged 65
Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy
("Mary III")[5]
10 January 1824–
15 September 1840
6 December 1792
daughter of Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia and Maria Teresa of Austria-Este
Francis IV, Duke of Modena
20 June 1812
4 children
15 September 1840
aged 48

House of Austria-Este

Descendent and Dates of Claim Portrait Birth Marriages Death
Francis V, Duke of Modena
("Francis I")
15 September 1840–
20 November 1875
1 June 1819
Modena
son of Maria Beatrice of Savoy and Francis IV, Duke of Modena
Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria
30 March 1842
1 child
20 November 1875
Vienna
aged 56
Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este
("Mary IV")[5]
20 November 1875–
3 February 1919
2 July 1849
Brno
daughter of Ferdinand of Austria-Este[6] and Elisabeth of Austria
Ludwig III of Bavaria
13 children
3 February 1919
Chiemgau
aged 69

House of Wittelsbach

Descendent and Dates of Claim Portrait Birth Marriages Death
Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria
("Robert I & IV")
3 February 1919–
2 August 1955
18 May 1869
Munich
son of Maria Theresa of Austria-Este and Ludwig III of Bavaria
Duchess Marie Gabrielle in Bavaria
10 July 1900
Munich
4 children

Princess Antonia of Luxembourg
7 April 1921
Lenggries
6 children
2 August 1955
Schloß Leutstetten
aged 86
Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
("Albert")
2 August 1955–
8 July 1996
3 May 1905
Munich
son of Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria and Marie Gabrielle of Bavaria
Countess Maria Draskovich of Trakostjan
1930
4 children

Countess Marie-Jenke Keglevich of Buzin
1971
No children
8 July 1996
Castle Berg
aged 91
Franz, Duke of Bavaria
("Francis II")
8 July 1996–
present
14 July 1933
Munich
son of Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria and Countess Maria Draskovich of Trakostjan
not married

Future succession after the Duke of Bavaria

The heir presumptive of Franz, Duke of Bavaria, is his younger brother

Family tree

This is a family tree of the Jacobite lineage. The boldface names are successors, and the italic names are in line of succession.

Alternative successions

While Franz of Bavaria is recognized by Jacobites as the Stuart heir, in his book The Highland Clans, Iain Moncreiffe of that Ilk claimed that Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom "is the lawful Jacobite sovereign of this realm". Moncreiffe made the following argument:

... by the fourteenth century it had become common law (in both England and Scotland) that a person who was not born in the liegeance of the Sovereign, nor naturalised, could not have the capacity to succeed as an heir .... In Scotland, this law was modified in favour of the French from the sixteenth century, but was otherwise rigorously applied until the Whig Revolution of 1688, after which it was gradually done away with by the mid-nineteenth century. It was precisely because of this law that Queen Anne found it necessary to pass a special Act of Parliament naturalising all alien-born potential royal heirs under her Act of Settlement of the throne. But, of course, from the Jacobite point of view, no new statute could be passed after 1688 .... The nearest lawful heir of the Cardinal York in 1807 was, in fact, curiously enough, King George III himself, who had been born in England (and therefore in the technical liegance of James VIII).

Under Moncreiffe's theory, however, James VI of Scotland could never have succeeded as James I of England in 1603. This problem, recognized in 1603, had been circumvented at the time of James's accession by the ahistorical assertion that Scotland and England had been "anciently but one" kingdom, and that the succession of the Scottish monarch to the throne of England was a "reuniting" of two parts of a single kingdom, i.e., that Scotland was not really a foreign country – a concept emphasized by James's insistence on the use of the name Great Britain for the united realms of England and Scotland.

It was not common law but a 15th-century statute that restricted the English crown to those in the liegeance of the Sovereign, and that statute was supplanted by the Acts of Succession passed in Henry VIII's reign. Additionally, Jacobites believe that the royal succession is determined by God and by hereditary right, not by Parliament. For instance, most Jacobites recognise Mary, Queen of Scots as having been the rightful Queen of England – a clear violation of the aforementioned law, which in their view is overridden by Mary's hereditary rights (as granddaughter of Margaret Tudor), and the illegitimacy[7] of Elizabeth I.[8][9][10]

Royal family tree

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10136". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
  2. "Stuart, James Francis Edward, Duke of Cornwall". Directory of Royal Genealogical Data: University of Hull. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
  3. "Stuart, Charles Edward Louis Casimer, Prince of Wales". Directory of Royal Genealogical Data: University of Hull. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
  4. "Stuart, Henry Benedict Thomas Maria, Duke of York". Directory of Royal Genealogical Data: University of Hull. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
  5. 1 2 Mary III & II and Mary IV & III were numbered in such a way because some Jacobites regard Elizabeth I of England as illegitimate, and therefore consider Mary, Queen of Scots, to have been the rightful Queen Mary II of England from the death of Mary I
  6. Ferdinand was the second son of Francis IV
  7. Hibbert, Christopher (1992). The virgin queen: Elizabeth I, genius of the Golden Age. DaCapo Press. p. 149. ISBN 978-0-201-60817-5.
  8. Tudor Monarchs – Queen Elizabeth I: Biography, Portraits, Primary Sources. Englishhistory.net. Retrieved on 2012-07-15.
  9. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0.9171,937040,00.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  10. Jenkins, Elizabeth (2000). Elizabeth the Great. Phoenix Press. ISBN 978-1-84212-162-7.

External links

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