Feluda

Feluda (Bengali: ফেলুদা), or Prodosh Chandra Mitra, (Bengali: প্রদোষ চন্দ্র মিত্র), who also uses the Anglicised name Pradosh C. Mitter, is a fictional Bengali private investigator starring in a series of Bengali novels and short stories written by Indian Bengali film director and writer Satyajit Ray.^[1] The detective lives at 21 Rajani Sen Road,^[2] Ballygunge, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Feluda first made his appearance in a Bengali children's magazine called Sandesh in 1965, under the editorialship of Satyajit and Subhas Mukhopadhyay. His first adventure was Feludar Goendagiri.^[3]

Feluda is often accompanied by his cousin Tapesh (affectionately called Topshe by Feluda), who serves as the narrator of the stories. From the sixth story, Sonar Kella (The Golden Fortress), the duo are joined by a popular thriller writer Jatayu (Lalmohon Ganguli).

Feluda has had been filmed at times, with the character been played by Soumitra Chatterjee, Sabyasachi Chakrabarty, Abir Chatterjee and Shashi Kapoor. Satyajit Ray directed two Feluda movies— Sonar Kella (1974) and Joi Baba Felunath (1978). Sandip Ray made a Feluda new film series (Continuation of the original series) on Feluda's adventures which started from Baksho Rahashya (1996). In this series he made ten TV films and five full-length films in Bengali on the character.

Character development of Feluda

Inspiration from Sherlock Holmes

Feluda is a big admirer of Sherlock Holmes which he mentions multiple times. In Kailash Choudharyr Pathar he praises the way Holmes used to draw large conclusions from observations. In Londone Feluda, when Feluda goes to Baker Street, he openly considers Holmes as the "master" (Bengali: guru) of all private detectives.

Satyajit Ray had deep interests in crime fiction and he read all of Sherlock Holmes fictions in his school days. And when Ray himself started writing crime fictions, unsurprisingly, the character Sherlock Holmes inspired his writings. Feluda's character resembles Sherlock Holmes and Tapesh/Topshe's character resembles Dr. Watson.^[4] In the stories of Feluda, he is displayed as a big admirer of Sherlock Holmes which he mentions multiple times. In Kailash Choudharyr Pathar he praises the way Holmes used to draw large conclusions from observations. In Londone Feluda, when Feluda goes to Baker Street, he openly considers Holmes as the "master" (Bengali: guru) of all private detectives.

Personality of Feluda

Prodosh Chandra Mitra, popularly known by his nickname Feluda, first appeared in the eponymous Bengali short story Feludar Goyendagiri (Feluda's Investigation) in 1965.^[3] The story, written by Satyajit Ray, was published in Sandesh, a children's periodical founded by Ray's grandfather, Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhary and edited by Ray himself. In the Feluda series that followed, he was portrayed as a man of around 27 with a tall (6'), athletic figure. Despite being a strongly built man adept in martial arts, Feluda relies mostly upon his superb analytical ability and observation skill (jokingly referred to as the Magajastra or brain-weapon) to solve cases instead of using physical strength or weapons. He is very choosy about taking up cases and prefers cases that require cerebral effort. He possesses a .32 Colt revolver, but the weapon is used very infrequently and mostly for non-violent purposes. However, contemporary (2000s) movies based on Feluda stories feature scenes of violence uncharacteristic of the series, where Feluda demonstrates his martial art powers. Feluda is known to be a good sleight-of-hand, and he put that skill to use for solving couple of cases. He is also good at disguises. Feluda often calls a meeting while solving the mystery. The most popular stories of Feluda are- Kailashe Kelenkari, Chinnamastar Abhishap, Darjeeling Jomjomat etc.

Feluda' personal life

In his personal life, Feluda is a common Bengali youth who has been brought up by his father's younger brother (Tapesh/Topshe's father) after his parent's death when he was only 9. His father, the late Jaykrishna Mitra, used to teach Mathematics and Sanskrit at Dhaka Collegiate School. Feluda, was in other job before his detective career. He finds an avid listener in his cousin Tapesh. Also, he often uses his oratory skill at the climactic scenes to cajole the culprit in confessing his crime. He is an early riser and is often shown starting his day with yoga.

Contrary to his otherwise healthy lifestyle, Feluda enjoys smoking cigarettes and chewing betel leaves. His favourite brand of cigarettes is Charminar. He is a connoisseur of delicious foods, popular music and movies, and books. He has a great appreciation for Sherlock Holmes and, according to the film Tintorettor Jishu, Bruce Lee. Like Sherlock Holmes, he has an voracious reading habit (reflecting that of Ray's own), which add up to his enormous general knowledge. This know-how often comes handy while socialising with people and unravelling mysteries. He always reads about the place he is visiting. He says it comes in handy sometimes.

Other characters

Tapesh Ranjan Mitra

Feluda's cousin Tapesh Ranjan Mitra (Mittir in casual Bengali), who is fondly referred to as Topshe,^[5] is based on Arthur Conan Doyle's conception of Dr. John Watson. Just like the former army surgeon, Topshe is the quintessential accomplice and faithfully records each of Prodosh Mitra's exploits accurately. Topshe is a smart teenager. In the first story of Feluda sereis (i.e. Feludar Goyendagiri), Topshe was thirteen and a half where Feluda's age was twenty seven, just the double of Topshe. Though Feluda often teases his young cousin, he is extremely fond and very protective of him. Feluda lives with Topshe's family. Topshe's father, Binay Mitra is the younger brother of Feluda's father, and therefore his uncle, and they all reside at 21, Rajani Sen Road, Kolkata-700029.^[2] Although there really is a 'Rajani Sen Road'^[2] in Kolkata, the house number is missing. Formerly, they all used to live in Tara road, Kolkata. Though not mentioned explicitly, Topshe is good-looking, fair, tall and handsome, as per different illustrations made by Satyajit Ray himself.

Detail knowledge regarding Topshe's high school education is not available, but he used to go to school during the adventure of Sonar Kella (the sixth book of Feluda sereis). In the film adaptation of Sonar Kella, Topshe's mother shows her concern regarding his career and study as he spends a lots of time in case solving with Feluda. By the time of Kailashe Kelenkari (the eighth book of the series) he have had his secondary examination ('Madhyamik Pariksha'). Just like Feluda, Topshe also used to read lot of books to enhance his knowledge. Topshe often gets his lessons from Feluda himself. In many cases, Feluda tests his deductive knowledge and he usually passes the test satisfactorily. In the movie Sonar Kella Topshe's father aptly said that Topshe is a lucky boy who got Feluda as his mentor. Topshe is fond of 'Adventures of Tintin' comic series. In the book Kailashe Kelenkari, he is found reading 'Tintin in Tibet'.

Topshe always takes an active part in Feluda's adventure. Though in most cases, he follows Feluda's instructions or indications only, there are times where he himself involves into some action/investigation. To mention a few, he and Jatayu (a.k.a. Lalmohan Ganguly) sneak into a warehouse in 'Patan' (in Nepal) to discover vast collection of smuggled narcotics (book Jato Kando Kathmandute); find out the stabbed body of a missing man in a wood (book Darjeeling Jomjomat); replace the pink pearl with a fake for safe-keeping (book Golapi Mukta Rahasya). The last incident even impressed the Feluda also. However, all these activities mainly come in the later part of the series. He also interrogated the suspects in Apsara Theaterer Mamla when Feluda was sick and bed-ridden. Feluda solved the case from the report of that interrogation only.

In films and TV serials the character of Feluda has been played by Soumitra Chatterjee, Sabyasachi Chakrabarty and recently Abir Chatterjee, while Topshe has been played by Siddhartha Chatterjee, Saswata Chatterjee, Parambrata Chattopadhyay and Saheb Bhattacharjee over the years. In Sandip Ray's 2015 film Badshahi Angti, actor Sourav Das had played the role.

Lalmohon Ganguli or Jatayu

Lalmohon Ganguli is a close friend of Prodosh Chandra Mitra, and is described as the author of a series of Bengali crime thrillers written under the pseudonym 'Jatayu'. His crime stories and novels are usually derided as unbelievable, considering that his main character is always the superhero Prakhar Rudra, and in his words, Height:6 ft 3 1/2 inches, waist:36, chest:46, shoulders:22 and wrist:8 1/2. Though all his novels seem to have become best-sellers, he often tends to make extremely silly mistakes such as spelling igloos as 'ilgoos'. In Baksho Rahasya or Mystery of a Box, he confuses hippos with walruses — a tendency that Feluda often tries to correct. He sometimes serves as a perfect foil to the group and in Ray's own words provides 'dollops of humour', although he sometimes does some brave acts not expected of him. He owns a 'Madrasi green' Ambassador car. Jatayu makes his first appearance in Sonar Kella joining Feluda and Topshe in the train at Kanpur, on their way to Jodhpur. In the first two films on Feluda, which were directed by Ray himself, the character was played by Santosh Dutta, and after the first one, Ray modified the literary character to some extent, making him look and behave quite like Dutta himself. In the next films directed by Ray's son, Sandip Ray, this character was played by Mohan Agashe, Rabi Ghosh, Anup Kumar n Bibhu Bhattacharya respectively. Jatayu also has a fantasy of collecting weapons. In various books he carried weapons like ' kukri ' (Nepali knife), smoke bomb etc. Jatayu lives at Garpar in Kolkata, and it may be recalled that Satyajit Ray himself passed his childhood at 100, Garpar.

Sidhu Jyatha

Sidhu Jyatha's formal name is Siddheshwar Bose. He is an aged character who has described himself to be like Sherlock Holmes's brother Mycroft, living in Sardar Sankar Road, Lake Market, Kalighat, Kolkata. He is a bibliophile, and has an extensive base of general knowledge, current and historical affairs. He is a close friend of Feluda's father, being former neighbours in their ancestral village in Bangladesh. Feluda's jyatha (that is, uncle) is said to have a 'photographic memory', and is a vast source of information which comes in handy when Feluda is in need of some. His vast knowledge comes from his collection of varied kinds of newspaper clippings which he has accumulated over the years. The role was played by Harindranath Chattopadhyay in Sonar Kella and by Haradhan Banerjee in Kailashe Kelenkari and in Gorosthaney Sabdhan. Following recent Feluda films made by Sandip Ray, Satyajit Ray's son, there have been questions over Sidhu Jyatha's continued relevance in the stories considering technologies such as the internet offer a faster, wider and more effective knowledge base than a well-read person.

Haripada Babu

Haripada Datta is the driver of Lalmohon Ganguli's second-hand green Mark II Ambassador car. He is a loyal, intelligent and reliable person and is of great help when needed. He played a crucial role in Gorosthaney Sabhdhan where he saved the lives of Feluda, Lalmohon, and Topshe. In Ambar Sen Ontordhan Rohossho, Haripad is seen carrying the ransom to the kidnapper. He also has a minor role in Boshpukery Khunkharapi, where he takes part in a surveillance mission with the rest of the Feluda gang in disguise.

Maganlal Meghraj

Meghraj is a villainous character who appears in three Feluda stories, including Joi Baba Felunath, Jato Kando Kathmandute, and Golapi Mukta Rahasyao. He has been compared to Professor Moriarty of the Sherlock Holmes-series. Utpal Dutta immortalised this character in one Feluda movie Joi Baba Felunath, which Satyajit Ray directed. After him Mohan Agashe played this character two times in telefilms.

Maganlal lives in Benaras. He has a house in Joka, Kolkata also. His son's name is Surajlal Meghraj. He is officially a money-lender but is involved in smuggling artifacts, narcotics (through Indo-Nepal border) and jewellery. His Kolkata house had been raided once but he escaped any charges until Feluda caught him red-handed in smuggling an invaluable 'Ganesh Murti' (an idol of the elephant god) during the case of Joi Baba Felunath (novel). Although, he was not behind the bar for a long time. In the nineteenth book, Jato Kando Kathmandute, Feluda said that he was not at all surprised seeing Meghraj out of jail as that was nothing for such an influential person. Once again he was arrested in charge of murder and smuggling, yet he averted any long term punishment and we saw him once again in the thirty-first story, Golapi Mukta Rahasyao.

Maganlal is a good judge of human character. He lured Bikash Sinha, secretary of Umanath Ghoshal, to steal the invaluable 'Ganesh Murti' from the Ghoshal-house. He also has a special interest in humiliating Jatayu. In Joi Baba Felunath he made Jatayu the subject of a knife-throwing play. In Jato Kando Kathmandute, he purposefully slips an L.S.D cube in Jatayu's tea. In his third appearnace, he made Jatayu to sing a Tagore song (which Jatayu said his first time experience of singing a song). Surprising it may be, he shows a queer fondness to Jatayu and usually calls him as 'Uncle'.

During these three stories, we see many accomplices of Maganlal. Some of them are Machhli-Baba, Bikash Sinha, Arjun the knife thrower, Anantalaal Bantra, Dr. Dibakar and Manohar. Maganlaal has his own Bajra by which he travels in Ganga near Benaras. The door of his house in Benaras is painted with figures of two swordsmen. During the making of the movie, Joi Baba Felunath, this swordsmen were painted by Satyajit Ray himself.

Pulak Ghoshal

Ghoshal is a Mumbai-based popular Hindi film director hailing from Kolkata. His original home in Kolkata is in the neighbourhood of Lalmohonbabu's in northern Kolkata's Garpar. He has directed two films based on Lalmohonbabu's stories. During the shooting of both these films, dangerous events took place, resulting in arrest of a producer in one film (Bombaiyer Bombete) and arrest of an actor in another film (Darjeeling Jamjomat).

Minor characters

• Srinath is the domestic help of Feluda and Topshe. He is often seen serving tea for Feluda and his clients. He is also a good cook of Bengali food.
• Bharadwaj is a minor character who is the household cook at Jatayu's place.
• Baikuntha Mallik was Jatayu's Bengali teacher at Ethenium Institution when he was in the seventh grade. Lalmohan Babu often describes him as a great poet who did not get the adulation he deserved. There is no presence of him in the story but in some stories we can see Jatayu reciting his poems.

Feluda series

In Feluda series there are 35 published and 4 unpublished story. The list is chronologically arranged.
Color key

•      indicates "story".
•      indicates "novel".
•      indicates unfinished writings.

Feluda in other media

Films

Satyajit Ray directed Sonar Kella (1974) and Joi Baba Felunath (1979) into movies in Bengali, starring actor Soumitra Chatterjee as Feluda, Santosh Dutta as Jatayu and Siddartha Chatterjee as Topshe. This two films created a cult following in Bengali cinema later years.

Until 2011, Sandip Ray has directed five Feluda theatrical feature-length films. But the first Theatrically released Feluda film directed by Sandip Ray was Baksho Rahashya (1996) which was the first film of Feluda TV film series.

• Baksho Rahashya (1996), released in theaters in December 2001. It was made for television release only in 1996, unlike the next five theatrical feature film. This film was the first TV film of Sandip Ray's Feluda new film series which was the continuation of Feluda original film series. In this TV film Sabyasachi Chakrabarty was Feluda, Saswata Chatterjee was Topshe and Rabi Ghosh was Jatayu. All films of the Feluda new film series (Continuation of the original series) were directed by Sandip Ray. In this series he made ten TV films and five full-length films in Bengali on the character.
• Bombaiyer Bombete released in December 2003. In this movie Sabyasachi Chakrabarty reprised his role as Feluda, Parambrata Chatterjee as Topshe and Bibhu Bhattacharya as Jatayu.
• Kailashey Kelenkari released in December 2007.
• Tintorettor Jishu released in December 2008.
• In December 2010, Sandip Ray made another Feluda movie, Gorosthaney Sabdhan. In it, Bibhu Bhattacharyya and Sabyasachi Chakroborty reprised their roles, but Paramabrata was replaced by Saheb Bhattacharyya as Topshe.
• Royal Bengal Rohosso, released in December 2011. It is the last film portraying Bibhu Bhattacharya as Jatayu.
• Badshahi Angti released in November 2014, in which Abir Chatterjee is playing Feluda for first time. This was going to be a reboot to previous Feluda film series after Royal Bengal Rahashya.^[6] But in 2016 Sandip Ray cancelled the reboot series because Abir Chatterjee started a new version of film series based on Byomkesh Bakshi franchise under Shree Venkatesh Films and Surinder Films.^[7] The other reason was the new Feluda movie Sandip Ray intended to make under a Mumbai-based production house Eros International, but Abir has a strict contract with Shree Venkatesh Films and Surinder Films. For the cancellation of the reboot series Badshahi Angti is now considered as a stand-alone reboot film.
• In may, 2016 it was declared by Sandip Ray instead of continuing the reboot series he will continue the previous Feluda film series after Royal Bengal Rahashya (2011) and Sabyasachi Chakrabarty will return as Feluda and Shaheb Bhattacharya will return as Topshe.^[8][9] There will be two stories in the new film and the film is named Double Feluda.^[10][11] This is going to be a sequel of Royal Bengal Rahashya (2011) and the movie is a 50 years tribute to Feluda.

TV films

In addition to the feature films, 10 Feluda stories have been filmed by Sandip Ray as television films under the names/packages:

• Satyajit Ray Presents (In Hindi, Kissa Kathmandu ka based on Joto Kando Kathmandu for DD 1) (1986) DD Bangla.
• Ghurghutiyar Ghatona (1992) and Golokdham Rahasya (1992) were directed by Bibhash Chakraborty. These films aired in
• Feluda 30 (Baksho Rahashya, Gosaipur Sargaram, Sheyal Devta Rahashya, Bosepukure Khunkharapi, Joto Kando Kathmandu for DD Bangla, Later Repeated in Tara Muzik) (1996-1998)
• Satyajiter Goppo (Jahangirer Swarnamudra, Ghurghutiyar Ghotona, Golapi Mukto Rahashya, Ambar Sen Antardhan Rahashya for DD Bangla)(1999)
• Satyajiter Priyo Golpo (Dr Munshir Diary For ETV Bangla) (2000)

From the year 1999 to 2001 Bangladesh Television (BTV) aired nine Feluda TV films. The series gained a huge popularity in Bangladesh.

In the Hindi telefilm Kissa Kathmandu ka (1985), Feluda was played by Shashi Kapoor, Jatayu by Mohan Agashe, Topshe by Alankar Joshi and Magan Lal Meghraj once again by Utpal Dutt. Feluda was played by Soumitra Chatterjee in two Bengali Feluda telefilms made in the year 1992, while Sabyasachi Chakrabarty played that role in Feluda telefilms made later. After the death of Santosh Dutta Jatayu was played by Rabi Ghosh in the first two TV films, after his death Anup Kumar played Jatayu and finally by Bibhu Bhattacharya. In Sandip Ray's ten Feluda TV films Topshe was played by Saswata Chatterjee.

Animation

• Disney Channel announces the acquisition of FELUDA - THE KATHMANDU CAPER- the first ever animated TV movie based on one of India's best loved Bengali detective series "Feluda", by globally acclaimed author and Oscar-winning director Satyajit Ray.
• In 2010 the animated TV film produced by DQE Productions titled Feluda: The Kathmandu Caper was produced and the rights were acquired by Disney Channel (India). The movie premiered in October and repeat is shown usually on the channel. DQE Productions also made a 13-episode animation series named Mysteries and Feluda after the animated TV film for Disney Channel (India) and Disney XD. The series including the TV film was set into a new universe, where Feluda, Topshe and Jatayu have many gadgets. In this universe Feluda doesn't smoke. The stories were different from Satyajit Ray's Feluda. The series was criticised for a vast difference with the source elements. But the series was praised for its animation quality. The series was cancelled in 2011.

Radio

• The first radio adaptation of Feluda was made by Satyajit Ray: Baksho Rahsaya with his usual cast like Soumitra Chatterjee as Feluda, Santosh Dutta as Jatayu, Siddartha Chatterjee as Topshe and Sushil Majumdar as Sidhu Jyatha along with other prominent actors like Haradhan Bandopadhyay, Biplab Chatterjee and Bikash Roy.
• Akashabani had produced Darjeeling Jomjomat casting a set of regular actors in radio.
• In January 2007, the BBC World Service announced that it would produce at least two 'episodes' of the popular detective stories. Hindi film star Rahul Bose speaks the leading role, with Anupam Kher voicing Lalmohan. The first episode, "The Golden Fortress", aired on 10 February 2007 with the second episode, "The Mystery of the Elephant God" following on 11 August 2007.
• In 2007 Sandip Ray rebooted the radio series with his own set of actors as Sabyasachi Chakrabarty as Feluda, Parambrata Chatterjee as Topshe and Bibhu Bhattacharya as Jatayu. He made two new dramas based on, Gosainpur Sargaram and Dr. Munshir Diary. They with Baksho Rahashya, directed by Satyajit Ray, aired together on Big FM.
• Radio Mirchi Kolkata station airs thrillers in a radio drama format, under the programme name 'Sunday Suspense' which includes some Feluda stories and other Satyajit Ray stories. Feluda is voiced by Sabyasachi Chakrabarty. Dip voices Topshe and Mir Afsar Ali voices the side roles. Bibhu Bhattacharya voiced Jatayu in only one episode. After Bhattacharya's death Jagannath Bose voiced Jatayu.
• Radio Today airs thrillers in a radio format, under the programme name 'Thursday Nightsaga' which includes some feluda stories. But stopped before finishing the feluda novel Baksho Rahasya.

Comics

Some of the Feluda stories have been made into comic strips by artists and authors. Abhijit Chattopadhyay creates Comic Strip Based on Feluda stories in every Pujabarshiki Anondomela. And the Comics are published by Ananda Publishers. English versions of comics have appeared in The Telegraph.

Penguin Books has released comic book versions of around 35 Feluda mysteries. Art has been drawn by Tapas Guha and script is by Subhadra Sen Gupta.^[12]

Music

In a collaborative album brought out in 1996 by HMV, Kabir Suman sings a 'Feludar Gaan' (Feluda's song). The song written by Kabir Suman was first publicised at Sandesh magazine on the special Feluda 30 issue released in December 1995 on the completion of 30 years of Feluda stories. Later in a collaborative album by HMV Choto Boro Miley (1996) the song was composed and performed by three-legend singer-songwriter Kabir Suman, Nachiketa Chakraborty and Anjan Dutt.

Later many of Bengali songs have references and symbols of Feluda franchise including "Calcium" by Anjan Dutt from the album Purono Guitar (1995).

Feluda in Pujabarshiki

Nearly every Feluda story was published annually in the Pujabarshiki Desh (the edition of Desh commemorating the Durgapuja published every year). Thereafter the stories were published as hard-back editions by Ananda Publishers. Some of the stories were published originally in Sandesh, a children's magazine co-edited by Satyajit Ray. In 2015 Feluda celebrates his 50 th years after appearance. This is printed as 'Feluda 50' in anandamela.

See also

• Satyajit Ray
• Literary works of Satyajit Ray
• Sandip Ray
• Feluda in film
• Professor Shonku
• Tarini khuro
• Tarini Khuro in other media
• Kakababu
• Kakababu in other media
• Byomkesh Bakshi
• Byomkesh Bakshi in other media
• Private investigator
• Culture of Bengal
• Culture of West Bengal
• Bengali literature
• History of Bengali literature
• List of Bengali-language authors (chronological)
• Kolkata culture

References

External links

• Feluda Films – BBC 18 Jan 2010
• Feluda.net