GADD45A

GADD45A
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2KG4
Identifiers
Aliases	GADD45A, DDIT1, GADD45, growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha
External IDs	MGI: 107799 HomoloGene: 1449 GeneCards: GADD45A
Gene ontology Molecular function • core promoter binding • protein binding Cellular component • cytoplasm • nucleus • nucleoplasm Biological process • apoptotic process • mitotic cell cycle arrest • centrosome cycle • regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity • negative regulation of protein kinase activity • signal transduction in response to DNA damage • response to stress • positive regulation of JNK cascade • regulation of cell cycle • cellular response to DNA damage stimulus • cellular response to mechanical stimulus • positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process • G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle • cell cycle arrest • positive regulation of apoptotic process • cellular response to ionizing radiation • cell cycle • activation of MAPKKK activity • DNA repair • positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade • DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1647	13197
Ensembl	ENSG00000116717	ENSMUSG00000036390
UniProt	P24522	P48316
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001924 NM_001199741 NM_001199742	NM_007836
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001186670.1 NP_001186671.1 NP_001915.1	NP_031862.1
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 67.69 – 67.69 Mb	Chr 6: 67.04 – 67.04 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]
Wikidata

Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GADD45A gene.^[3][4][5]

Function

This gene is a member of a group of genes, the GADD45 genes, whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents (mutagens). The DNA damage-induced transcription of this gene is mediated by both p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The protein encoded by this gene responds to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway via MTK1/MEKK4 kinase.^[5]

Applications

The fact that expression of this gene is an indicator of DNA damage has been exploited to construct an in vitro test for mutagenicity, the GADD45a-GFP GreenScreen HC assay.^[6] This assay consists of a cell line which has been engineered so that expression of GADD45A will lead to expression of green fluorescent protein, which can easily be detected. To test a substance for mutagenicity, it is applied to these cells and fluorescence is measured.

Interactions

GADD45A has been shown to interact with:

• AURKA,^[7][7]
• Cdk1,^{[8][9][10][11]}
• CCNB1,^[8][11]
• GADD45GIP1^[12]
• MAP3K4,^[13]
• P21,^[10][14] and
• PCNA.^{[10][15][16][17][18]}

See also

• Gadd45

References

Further reading