Frederick Cavendish Ponsonby

Major General Sir Frederick Ponsonby GCMG KCB KCH
Born	6 July 1783
Died	11 January 1837 (1837-01-12) (aged 53)
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	British Army
Rank	Major-General
Battles/wars	Peninsular War Napoleonic Wars
Awards	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath

Major General Sir Frederick Cavendish Ponsonby GCMG KCB KCH (6 July 1783 – 11 January 1837), styled The Honourable Frederick Cavendish Ponsonby from 1806 to 1837, was a British military officer, the second son of the 3rd Earl of Bessborough and Henrietta Ponsonby, Countess of Bessborough.

Early career

Educated at Harrow, he joined the army as a cornet in January 1800, serving in the 10th Light Dragoons. He was promoted lieutenant in June 1800 and Captain on 20 August 1803. He exchanged to the 60th Regiment of Foot in April 1806 and served on the staff of the Duke of Bedford, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Promoted major on 25 June 1807, he went into the 23rd Light Dragoons on 6 August 1809 and went with them to serve in the Peninsular War.^[1]

He fought well at Talavera. He was promoted lieutenant colonel on 15 March 1810, and served as assistant adjutant-general at Buçaco and Barrosa, directing a successful charge by a squadron of the 2nd Regiment of Hussars (KGL) against the French dragoons. He was given command of the 12th Light Dragoons on 11 June 1811.^[2]

After the fall of Badajoz, he distinguished himself in the battle of Villagarcia (or Llerena) on 11 April 1812, temporarily commanding Anson's brigade. Ordered by Sir Stapleton Cotton to detain a superior force of French cavalry under Charles Lallemand, he successfully delayed them until reinforcements could arrive to flank the French and pursue them into Llerena.^[2]

He led the 12th Light Dragoons to disperse some of the broken French infantry after the Battle of Salamanca, and was wounded while covering the withdrawal from Burgos. At Vitoria, his regiment was part of the force, under Sir Thomas Graham, that blocked the French retreat towards Bayonne. He took part in the Battle of the Pyrenees and the fighting that followed in the south of France, bringing to Wellington the news that Napoleon had abdicated.^[3]

Waterloo Campaign

During the Waterloo Campaign, the 12th Light Dragoons were attached to Sir John Ormsby Vandeleur's light cavalry brigade. At the Battle of Waterloo, the 12th and 16th Light Dragoons were told to charge down the slope, but no further, to support the withdrawal of the Union Brigade of heavy cavalry. But, like the Union Brigade (led by his second cousin, William Ponsonby), the light horse charged (as he later admitted) too far.^[4]

Ponsonby was wounded in both arms, and knocked off his horse by another sabre cut. A French lancer saw him move where he lay and stabbed him in the back with his lance, exclaiming "Tu n'es pas mort, coquin" (You're not dead, you rascal).^[5] A French skirmisher then robbed him but luckily for Ponsonby, a Major de Laussat of the French Imperial Guard Dragoons found him and treated him kindly, giving him some brandy and promising to send help. Later, another French skirmisher used Ponsonby as a shield as he fired over him. Toward the end of the battle, he was ridden over by Prussian cavalry and roughed up by a Prussian looking for plunder. At last, Ponsonby was discovered by a soldier of the 40th Foot who stood guard over him during the night. The next morning he was carried away in a cart, to a surgeon who tended to his seven major wounds. Despite his wounds, he was bled of 120 imperial fluid ounces (3.4 l) over two days but nevertheless survived.^[6][5] He convalesced under the supervision of his sister Lady Caroline Lamb who nursed him back to health.^[4][6]

Later career

Plinth of Ponsonby's Column, a monumental column erected in Valletta in 1838. The column was destroyed by lightning in 1864, and only the plinth survives today.

Ponsonby went on half-pay on 26 August 1820, and was appointed "inspecting field officer" in the Ionian Islands on 20 January 1824. On 27 May 1825, he was promoted major-general, commanding the troops in the Ionian Islands. The next year, on 22 December 1826, he was appointed Governor of Malta, and remained there for eight and a half years.^[7] He met Baron de Laussat, his saviour at Waterloo, in 1827. During his Maltese tenure, he was made GCMG in 1828, and KCB and KCH in 1831. He left the governorship in May 1835 (but remained the de jure Governor until 30 September 1836), and was appointed colonel of the 86th Regiment of Foot on 4 December 1835. He was transferred to the colonelcy of the Royal Dragoons on 31 March 1836. During this period, he maintained a high degree of interest in the handling of cavalry, and corresponded with Wellington.^[7] He died suddenly at an inn near Basingstoke on 11 January 1837 and was buried in the crypt of St Nicholas' Church, Hatherop, Glocestershire.^[8]

In 1838, Ponsonby's Column was erected in Valletta in honour of the governor. It was destroyed by lightning in 1864.^[9]

Family

On 16 March 1825,Pobsonby married Lady Emily Charlotte (died 1877), daughter of Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst. They had three sons and three daughters:^[10]

• Henry Frederick (1825–1895) later Sir
• Arthur Edward Valette(3 December 1827 – 16 June 1868),later a Lieutenant Colonel married Catina Dahl
• Georgina Melita Maria (16 February 1829 – 18 February 1895), unmarried
• Harriet Julia Frances(27 October 1830 – 30 June 1906), unmarried
• Selina Barbara Wilhelmina (20 January 1835 – 22 July 1919), married William Windham Baring on 22 January 1862, without issue
• Frederick John Ponsonby (21 March 1837 – 3 February 1894), took holy orders and died unmarried

Notes

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Ponsonby, Frederic Cavendish". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. 

References

• Bromley, Janet; Bromley, David (2015). Wellington's Men Remembered Volume 2: A Register of Memorials to Soldiers who Fought in the Peninsular War and at Waterloo- Volume II: M to Z. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-4738-5768-1. 
• Creasy, Sir Edward (1877), The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World: from Marathon to Waterloo, Richard Bentley & Son, ISBN 0-306-80559-6 
• Dalton, Charles (1904). The Waterloo roll call. With biographical notes and anecdotes. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode. 
• Lloyd, E. M.; Falkner, James (reviewer) (2004). "Ponsonby, Sir Frederic Cavendish (1783–1837)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22493.  (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) The first edition of this text is available as an article on Wikisource:  Lloyd, Ernest Marsh (1896). "Ponsonby, Frederic Cavendish". In Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography. 46. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 80–81.  . ONDB Endnotes:
  • A. Ponsonby, Henry Ponsonby, Queen Victoria's private secretary: his life from his letters (1942)
  • J. Ponsonby, The Ponsonby family (1929)
  • Earl of Bessborough and A. Aspinall, eds., Lady Bessborough and her family circle (1940)
  • Army List
  • H. T. Siborne, ed., Waterloo letters (1891)
  • GM, 2nd ser., 7 (1837)
  • The dispatches of … the duke of Wellington … from 1799 to 1818, ed. J. Gurwood, 13 vols. in 12 (1834–9)
  • Hart's Army List · W. F. P. Napier, History of the war in the Peninsula and in the south of France, 3rd edn, 6 vols. (1834–40)
  • D. Howarth, A near run thing (1967)
  • R. H. Gronow, The reminiscences of Captain Gronow, 4 vols. (1861–6)
  • E. A. Gray, Trumpet of glory (1985)
  • GEC, Peerage
  • Burke, Peerage

Further reading

• Haythornthwaite, Philip J. Uniforms of Waterloo. Hippocrene, 1974.

External links

•  Wood, James, ed. (1907). "Ponsonby, Sir Frederick Cavendish". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne. 
• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Frederick Cavendish Ponsonby

Civil Commissioners, Governors and Governors-General of Malta
Civil Commissioners (1799–1813)	Ball Pigot Cameron Ball Oakes
Governors (1813–1964)	Maitland Rawdon-Hastings Ponsonby Bouverie Stuart More O'Ferrall Reid Le Marchant Storks Grant Straubenzee Borton Simmons Torrens Smyth Lyon Fremantle Grenfell Clarke Grant Rundle Methuen Plumer Congreve Du Cane Campbell Bonham-Carter Dobbie Gort Schreiber Douglas Creasy Laycock Grantham Dorman
Governors-General (1964–1974)	Dorman Mamo