Eudoxia Streshneva

Eudoxia Streshnyova
Tsaritsa consort of All Russia
Tenure 5 February 1626 12 July 1645
Born c. 1608
Meshchovsk
Died

18 August 1645 (aged 3637)


Moscow

Burial Ascension Convent, Kolomenskoye
Archangel Cathedral, Kremlin (1929)
Spouse Michael of Russia
Issue
among others...
Tsarevna Irina Mikhailovna
Alexis
House Romanov
Father Lukyan Stepanovich Streshnyov
Mother Anna Konstantinovna Volkonskaya
Religion Eastern Orthodox

Eudoxia Streshnyova (Russian: Евдоки́я Лукья́новна Стрешнёва, Yevdokiya Lukyanovna Streshnyova) (1608 – 18 August 1645) was the tsaritsa of Russia as the second spouse of tsar Michael of Russia.

Life

Mikhail Fyodorovich Choosing His Bride, by Ilya Repin.

Eudoxia Streshnyova was a daughter of the noble Lukyan Stepanovich Streshnyov (d. 1630) from Mozhaysk and Anna Konstantinovna Volkonskaya. Her mother died shortly after birth, and her father left home to serve in the military. She was thus regarded almost an orphan, and raised by a rich relative who belonged to the circle of the tsar's court in Moscow.

Marriage

Eudoxia Streshnyova was among those daughter's of the nobility summoned to appear in the Bride-show at court, when the tsar was to select his new tsaritsa, after his first spouse had died. Tsar Michael did not like any of those selected for him to chose by, but was pressed by his parents to make a choice. He eventually chose Yevdokiya because of her beauty, polity behavior and mild disposition.

The parent's of the tsar was reportedly displeased with his choice. His mother, Xenia Shestova, claimed that Streshnyova was not of an important enough family, and that he risked to anger all the most high ranked noble families by choosing a bride from a family of a lower rank then them.

However, the tsar refused to change his mind. He did not only refer to his feelings, but also to his Christian duty to help a girl who would otherwise be forced to leave court and anger her family. She was described as a modest and virtuous girl, dominated by her proud relatives, who sometimes brought her to tears but still did not complain. Reportedly, the tsar was moved by her situation and felt sorry for her.

The wedding was conducted on 5 February 1626. As was the custom, Eudoxia was given the title of Tsaritsa prior to the wedding, but only three days before the wedding, which was a much shorter time period than usual. Her parents-in-law both participated in the ceremony. They wished to change her name to Anastasia from the tsaritsa of tsar Ivan, but she successfully refused. After the wedding, she was given several land, and gave her a substantial fortune of her own.

Tsaritsa

As tsaritsa, Eudoxia Streshneva lived secluded from contact with men, as was expected from a Russian noblewoman at the time, but despite this, she was also expected to participate in public religious and charitable duties and manage the imperial household.[1]

Tsaritsa Eudoxia was known to have been in a difficult situation in the imperial court because of her mother-in-law, Xenia Shestova, who dominated her and the life of the imperial court. She and her mother-in-law shared the same confessor and diak. Xenia Shestova accompanied her daughter-in-law during all her official visits to monasteries and churches, and managed her public life as a tsaritsa. She also chose tutors for her grandchildren, dominating her relationship to them. Eudoxia never managed to achieve any influence over tsar Mikhail, either during or after the death of her mother-in-law.

Reportedly, Eudoxia was under great pressure to produce a son an heir to the throne, a task which gave her great anxiety until the birth of Tsarevich Aleksei in 1629. After the birth of her last child in 1639, tsar Michael reportedly did no longer wish to share her bed. She is noted to have given donations to churches and convents in order to be given another child, but without success.

In 1642, Eudoxia financed the rebuilding of the Saint George Monastery in Meshchovsk. She also benefited the Ivanovsky Convent, were she made several visits and often prayed to Saint Martha during her pregnancies. She founded several charitable institutions, and made public donations to charitable and religious subjects.

Death

Eudoxia Streshneva died shortly after her spouse. She was buried in the Ascension Convent.

Issue

Yevdokiya and Mikhail had ten children:

NameBirthDeath
Tsarevna Irina22 April 16278 February 1679
Tsarevna Pelagiya 20 April 162825 January 1629
Tsarevich Aleksei9 May 162929 January 1676
Tsarevna Anna14 August 163127 October 1676
Tsarevna Marfa163121 September 1632
Tsarevich Ivan 1 June 163310 January 1639
Tsarevna Sofiya 14 September 163423 April 1636
Tsarevna Tatyana5 January 163623 August 1706
Tsarevna Yevdokiya 1637?10 February 1637
Tsarevich Vasily 1638/39?25 March 1639

References

  1. Massie, Robert K., Peter the Great: his life and world, Abacus, London, 1995[1980]
Russian royalty
Vacant
Title last held by
Maria Dolgorukova
Tsaritsa consort of Russia
1626–1645
Vacant
Title next held by
Maria Miloslavskaya
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