D-alanine—(R)-lactate ligase

D-alanine—(R)-lactate ligase (EC 6.1.2.1, VanA, VanB, VanD) is an enzyme with systematic name D-alanine:(R)-lactate ligase (ADP-forming).^[1]^[2]^[3] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

D-alanine + (R)-lactate + ATP

\rightleftharpoons

D-alanyl-(R)-lactate + ADP + phosphate

The product of this enzyme can be incorporated into the peptidoglycan pentapeptide instead of the usual D-alanyl-D-alanine dipeptide.

References

↑ Bugg, T.D.; Wright, G.D.; Dutka-Malen, S.; Arthur, M.; Courvalin, P.; Walsh, C.T. (1991). "Molecular basis for vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium BM4147: biosynthesis of a depsipeptide peptidoglycan precursor by vancomycin resistance proteins VanH and VanA". Biochemistry. 30: 10408–10415. doi:10.1021/bi00107a007. PMID 1931965.
↑ Meziane-Cherif, D.; Badet-Denisot, M.A.; Evers, S.; Courvalin, P.; Badet, B. (1994). "Purification and characterization of the VanB ligase associated with type B vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis V583". FEBS Lett. 354: 140–142. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)01096-x. PMID 7957913.
↑ Perichon, B.; Reynolds, P.; Courvalin, P. (1997). "VanD-type glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium BM4339". Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41: 2016–2018. PMID 9303405.

Enzymes: CO CS and CN ligases (EC 6.1-6.3)

6.1: Carbon-Oxygen	Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase Alanine Arginine Asparagine Aspartate Cysteine D-alanine—poly(phosphoribitol) ligase Glutamate Glutamine Glycine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine

6.2: Carbon-Sulfur	Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase Acetyl—CoA synthetase Long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase

6.3: Carbon-Nitrogen	Glutamine synthetase Ubiquitin ligase Cullin Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor UBE3A Mdm2 Anaphase-promoting complex UBR1 Glutathione synthetase CTP synthetase Adenylosuccinate synthase Argininosuccinate synthase Holocarboxylase synthetase GMP synthase Asparagine synthetase Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I II Glutamate–cysteine ligase

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list)

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