Cystine knot

Cystine-knot domain

Structure of human chorionic gonadotropin.[1]
Identifiers
Symbol Cys_knot
Pfam PF00007
Pfam clan CL0079
InterPro IPR006208
SCOP 1hcn
SUPERFAMILY 1hcn

A cystine knot is a protein structural motif containing three disulfide bridges (formed from pairs of cysteine residues). The sections of polypeptide that occur between two of them form a loop through which a third disulfide bond passes, forming a rotaxane substructure. It occurs in many proteins across many species and provides considerable structural stability.[2] There are three types of cystine knot, which differ in the topology of the disulfide bonds:[3]

The growth factor cystine knot (GFCK) was first observed in the structure of Nerve Growth Factor, solved by X-ray crystallography and published in 1991 by Tom Blundell in Nature.[4] All GFCK structures that have been determined are dimeric, but their dimerization modes in different classes are different.[5]

References

  1. Wu H, Lustbader JW, Liu Y, Canfield RE, Hendrickson WA (June 1994). "Structure of human chorionic gonadotropin at 2.6 A resolution from MAD analysis of the selenomethionyl protein". Structure. 2 (6): 545–58. doi:10.1016/s0969-2126(00)00054-x. PMID 7922031.
  2. http://www.cyclotide.com/knots.html
  3. Daly, N. L.; Craik, D. J. (2011). "Bioactive cystine knot proteins". Current Opinion in Chemical Biology. 15 (3): 362–368. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.02.008. PMID 21362584.
  4. PDB: 1bet; McDonald NQ, Lapatto R, Murray-Rust J, Gunning J, Wlodawer A, Blundell TL (December 1991). "New protein fold revealed by a 2.3-A resolution crystal structure of nerve growth factor". Nature. 354 (6352): 411–4. doi:10.1038/354411a0. PMID 1956407.
  5. Jiang X, Dias JA, He X (Aug 2013). "Structural biology of glycoprotein hormones and their receptors: Insights to signaling". Mol Cell Endocrinol. 382 (1): 424–51. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.08.021. PMID 24001578.


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