Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment

The Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment (CARE) is an experimental test vehicle for the Indian Space Research Organisation's future Orbital Vehicle. It was launched successfully on 18 December 2014 from the Second Launch Pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, by a GSLV Mk III designated by ISRO as the LVM 3X CARE mission.^[1][2]

Characteristics of the vehicle

CARE was mounted upside-down inside the payload fairing of the GSLV Mk III. CARE was made of aluminium alloy and had a lift-off mass of 3,735 kg. Its diameter was 3100 mm and its height was 2678 mm. The module had an ablative thermal protection. The side panels were covered with Medium Density Ablative (MDA) tiles and the forward heat shield was made of carbon phenolic tiles.^[3][4] It was powered by batteries and was equipped with six liquid-propellant (MMH/MON3) 100 N thrusters.

Preliminary tests

A practice run of the recovery of CARE was done on 31 October 2014 with Indian Coast Guard ship ICGS Samudra Pahredar.^[5]

Mission description

CARE was launched on 18 December 2014 at 04:00 UTC. CARE was separated at the intended height of 126 km and a speed of 5300 m/s. It entered a coast phase during which it performed three axis control manoeuvres in order to ensure zero degree angle of attack at reentry.

The ballistic reentry started from an altitude of about 80 km. At this altitude, the propulsion was shut down. The heat shield experienced temperatures around 1,000 degrees C and the capsule experienced decelerations of up to 13 g.^[6]

After the re-entry the vehicle performed a descent and splashdown during which an end-to-end validation of the parachute system was performed, including the demonstration of the apex cover separation and the parachute deployment in cluster configuration. The deployment sequence started when CARE had slowed down to a speed of 233 m/s. The crew module carried three stages of parachutes, all of which came in pairs. First, both 2.3-metre diameter pilot parachutes came out, followed by the 6.2-metre drogue parachutes, which cut the capsule’s velocity down to 50 m/s. Then both main parachutes were deployed at a height of about 5 km. These parachutes, each 31 metres in diameter, were the largest ever made in India.^[7]

CARE splashed down into the Bay of Bengal about 600 km from Port Blair in the Andaman Islands and about 1600 km from the Sriharikota launch site.^[8] Immediately afterwards the main parachutes were detached. CARE was recovered by the Indian Coast Guard after tracking its signal beacon. The entire duration of the experiment from launch to splashdown was 20 minutes 43 seconds.^[9]

After recovery the module was brought to Chennai on 22 December 2014, from where it will be sent to the Satish Dhawan Space Centre for preliminary processing.^[10] The module will then be sent to Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre for further study and analysis.^[10]

Telemetry from ISRO

Doordarshan's telecast of the GSLV Mk.III LVM3-X ascent and CARE module's ballistic descent showed screen displays of the following telemetry:^[11]

Industrial organisation

• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
• Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment, Agra - parachute
• Valeth Hightech Composites

See also

• SRE
• Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle
• Orbital Re-entry EXperiment
• Atmospheric Reentry Demonstrator (ARD was a suborbital reentry test vehicle built by Aérospatiale of France for the European Space Agency and flown on the third Ariane 5 flight on October 21, 1998)

References

Indian space programme
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
Organisations	Department of Space (DoS) Antrix Corporation Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS) Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS) National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL) Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) Physical Research Laboratory (DECU)
Programmes	Bhaskara GAGAN GSAT INSAT IRNSS IRS Cartosat RISAT Rohini SROSS Chandrayaan Human spaceflight programme Orbital Vehicle
Spacecraft	One-off missions APPLE Aditya Aryabhata Astrosat HAMSAT IMS-1 Megha-Tropiques NISAR SARAL SAARC Satellite SRE SRE II Kalpana-1 CARE Planetary missions Chandrayaan-1 Chandrayaan-2 Mars Orbiter Mission Mangalyaan 2 Venus orbiter mission
Rockets	Orbital SLV ASLV PSLV GSLV GSLV Mk.III Suborbital Rohini ATV Concepts ULV Under development RLV-TD
Facilities	Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC) ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) Master Control Facility (MCF) Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) ISRO Satellite Integration and Testing Establishment (ISITE)
See also	SAGA-220
List of Indian satellites List of Satish Dhawan Space Centre launches List of ISRO missions