Chp (GTPase)

RhoV (or Chp or Wrch2) is a small (~21 kDa) signaling G protein (more specifically a GTPase), and is a member of the Rho family of GTPases. Chp was identified in 1998 as a GTPase interacting with the p21 activated kinase PAK2.^[1] RhoV/Chp delineates with RhoU/Wrch a Rho subclass related to Rac and Cdc42, which emerged in early multicellular organisms during evolution.^[2] RhoV/Chp depends on palmitoylation rather than prenylation for association with plasma and intracellular membranes.^[3] In Xenopus embryos, RhoV is encoded by a canonical Wnt response gene and is induced in the developing neural crest at specification. RhoV activity cooperates with the Snai1 (Snail) transcription factor for the subsequent induction of the pro-invasive transcription factors Snai2 (Slug), Sox9 or Twist. ^[4]

Further reading: Rho family of GTPases

References

↑ Aronheim A, Broder YC, Cohen A, Fritsch A, Belisle B & Abo A (1998). "Chp, a homologue of the GTPase Cdc42Hs, activates the JNK pathway and is implicated in reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton". Curr Biol. 8 (20): 1125–8. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70468-3. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 9778532.
↑ Boureux A, Vignal E, Faure S, Fort P (2007). "Evolution of the Rho family of ras-like GTPases in eukaryotes". Mol. Biol. Evol. 24: 203–16. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl145. PMC 2665304. PMID 17035353.
↑ Chenette EJ, Mitin NY & Der CJ (2006). "Multiple Sequence Elements Facilitate Chp Rho GTPase Subcellular Location, Membrane Association, and Transforming Activity". Mol Biol Cell. 17 (7): 3108–21. doi:10.1091/mbc.E05-09-0896. ISSN 1059-1524. PMC 1483044. PMID 16641371.
↑ Guemar L, de Santa Barbara P, Vignal E, Maurel B, Fort P, Faure S (2007). "The small GTPase RhoV is an essential regulator of neural crest induction in Xenopus". Dev Biol. 310 (1): 113–28. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.07.031. ISSN 0012-1606. PMID 17761159.

Hydrolases: acid anhydride hydrolases (EC 3.6)

3.6.1

3.6.2

3.6.3-4: ATPase

3.6.3

Cu++ (3.6.3.4)	Menkes/ATP7A Wilson/ATP7B

Ca+ (3.6.3.8)	SERCA ATP2A1 ATP2A2 ATP2A3 Plasma membrane ATP2B1 ATP2B2 ATP2B3 ATP2B4 SPCA ATP2C1 ATP2C2

Na+/K+ (3.6.3.9)	ATP1A1 ATP1A2 ATP1A3 ATP1A4 ATP1B1 ATP1B2 ATP1B3 ATP1B4

H+/K+ (3.6.3.10)	ATP4A

Other P-type ATPase	ATP8B1 ATP10A ATP11B ATP12A ATP13A2 ATP13A3

3.6.4

3.6.5: GTPase

3.6.5.1: Heterotrimeric G protein	G_αs G_αi GNAI1 GNAI2 GNAI3 G_αq/11 GNAQ GNA11 G_α12/13 GNA12 GNA13 Transducin GNAT1 GNAT2 Gustducin GNAT3

3.6.5.2: Small GTPase > Ras superfamily	Rho family of GTPases: Cdc42 CDC42 TC10 TCL RhoUV RhoU RhoV Rac Rac1 2 3 RhoG RhoBTB 1 2 RhoH Rho A B C Rnd 1 2 3 RhoDF RhoF RhoD other: Ras HRAS KRAS NRAS Rab RAB23 RAB27 Arf ARF6 SAR1B ARL13B ARL6 Ran Rheb Rap RGK

3.6.5.3: Protein-synthesizing GTPase	Prokaryotic IF-2 EF-Tu EF-G Eukaryotic

3.6.5.5-6: Polymerization motors	Dynamin Tubulin

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list)

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