Chiragh Ali

Moulví Cherágh Ali (1844-1895) (also spelled Chirágh) was an Indian Muslim scholar of the late 19th century. As a colleague of Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan he made a contribution to the school of Muslim Modernists and presented reformative thinking about the Qur'an. He contributed numerous works to the school of Muslim Modernists such as A Critical Exposition of the Popular Jihad and Proposed Political, Legal and Social Reforms Under Moslem Rule. His interactions with Christians in British India also marked him as an Muslim apologist with a particular focus on the wars of Muhammad. His goal in the criticism of the Qur'an as well as the shariah is to justify contemporary Western ideals through the Qur'an. Dying at age 51 during treatment, Cherágh Ali is now buried in Bombay.

Family life

Born in Meerut into a family originally from Kashmir,[1][2][3] Cherágh Ali was the oldest of three siblings Wilayat Ali, Inayat Ali and Mansib Ali. Their father, Muhammad Bakhsh died at age 35. At this point, when Cherágh was 12 years old, the responsibility of educating the family fell up their mother's as well as their grandmother's shoulders. It is known that he had a wife, Abbadi Begum.

Education

Cherágh Ali was educated exclusively at home. One of his initial educational accomplishments was the acquisition of the languages of Persian, Arabic, English, French, Hebrew, Aramaic, Latin and Greek.[4] Education and study was the most important aspect of Cherágh Ali's life. His studies led him offer a new translation of the text and message of the Qur'an as well as Muhammad's battles.

Career

In his early working years, Cherágh Ali was stationed as a clerk in Gurakhpūr but eventually found himself in Lucknow searching for a better job. He then became a collector in the Office of Settlement until Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan recommended him for a position in the government of the Nizam of Hyderabad. Cherágh had already been making some literary contributions to a variety of papers such as Mukhbir-i Sãdiq and Manshūr-i Muhhamadī. When Sir Sayyid was requested by Salar Jang I, the Prime Minister of Hyderabad State to hire a translator, Cherágh Ali was the one invited to fill that position. He was associated with Sir Sayyid throughout the rest of his career because of similar religious and political beliefs.

Title

In 1888, on the occasion, of the victory celebration of the army contingent of Hyderabad who fought at the war front in Burma, Cherágh Ali was presented with the honorary Victory war title Azam yar-Jung with two thousand mansab (Officers), one_thousand riders and a Flag.

Political life

Cherágh followed the school of Muslim Modernists and is most prominently known for his association with Sir Sayyid. The two met in 1874 when Sir Sayyid came to Lucknow after their literary excursions had led them there. Cherágh Ali was a solid supporter of Sir Sayyid's Aligarh Movement. Despite being a prominent civil servant, Cherágh Ali avoided getting caught up in political action in Hyderabad. Rather he let his literary works speak for themselves.

In his writings, Cherágh Ali sought to correct what he perceived to be misperceptions of Islam and jihad. These misunderstandings, he argued, came from the historical development of hadith and the activities of Muslim jurists. He believed the jurists had taken justice into their own hands and in doing so misused or completely ignored the Qur'an. In following these beliefs, Cherágh Ali was committed to offering a fresh interpretation of the Qur'an and a moderated version of jihad.

In making a point of redefining the meaning of jihad, Cherágh Ali described the wars of Muhammad as strictly defensive. He argued that all of Muhammad's wars were local and temporary, making them defensive because the Qur'an does not teach a war of aggression. He argued that Muhammad only engaged in battle in response to acts that contradicted the Qur'an's teachings. Cherágh's belief that Islam is misunderstood by the majority of the world motivated his reformation of the Qur'an.[5]

Selected list of works

References

  1. ↑ Syed Moinul Haq, Islamic thought and movements in the subcontinent, 711-1947, Historical Society (1979), p. 469
  2. ↑ Juan Eduardo Campo, Encyclopedia of Islam, Infobase Publishing (2009), p. 139
  3. ↑ Charles Kurzman, Modernist Islam, 1840-1940: A Sourcebook, Oxford University Press (2002), p. 277
  4. ↑ Sohail H. Hashmi in Just Wars, Holy Wars, and Jihads: Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Encounters and Exchanges, Oxford University Press (2012), p. 307
  5. ↑ Ali, Moulvi Cheragh (1984). A Critical Exposition of the Popular Jihad. Delhi, India: Idarah-I Adabiyat-I Delli. pp. 114–116.
  6. ↑ Jalal, Alyesha (2008). Partisans of Allah. Cambridge, MS: Harvard University Press. pp. 155–160.
  7. ↑ Hardy, P. (1972). The Muslims of British India. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 113.
  8. ↑ Kraemer, Hendrik (1960). World Cultures and World Religions: The Coming Dialogue. Cambridge, ENG: James Clarke Co., Ltd. p. 120.
  9. ↑ Rahman, Wahidur; Hakim Mohammed Said (Winter 1993). "Modernist Muslim's Approach to Hadith: Aligarh School.". Hamard Islamicus. No. 4. XVI (A Quarterly Journal of Bait al-Hikmat): 16–18.
  10. ↑ Ali, Moulavi Cheragh (1883). Proposed Political, Legal and Social Reforms Under Moslem Rule. Byculla: Education Society's Press. pp. 7, 15.
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