Chlef

Chlef
الشلف
city

Coa Chlef.png

Location of Chlef, Algeria within Chlef Province
Chlef

Location of Chlef, Algeria within Chlef Province

Coordinates: DZ 36°13′N 1°20′E / 36.217°N 1.333°E / 36.217; 1.333Coordinates: DZ 36°13′N 1°20′E / 36.217°N 1.333°E / 36.217; 1.333
Country  Algeria
Province Chlef Province
District Chlef District
Elevation 114 m (374 ft)
Population (2008)[1]
 • Total 178,616
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
Postal code 02000
Climate Csa

Chlef (Arabic: الشلف‎‎) is the capital of Chlef Province, Algeria. Located in the north of Algeria, 200 kilometres (120 mi) west of the capital, Algiers, it was founded in 1843, as Orléansville, on the ruins of Roman Castellum Tingitanum. In 1962, it was renamed Al-Asnam. The present name, Chlef, which it bears since 1980, is derived from the name of the longest river in Algeria.

It is home to the soccer club ASO Chlef, the Hassiba Ben Bouali university, and the ruins of the basilica of Reparatus, who was bishop of Castellum Tingitanum from 465 to 475. A corner of the flooring of the basilica contained a mosaic labyrinth, the oldest known example of Christian use of this motif.

Geography

Chlef lies in a valley at an elevation of 114 metres (374 ft) between two ranges of hills to the north and west. The city is surrounded by farmland; there are scattered trees both in the valley and on the hills.

History

Ancient Castellum Tingitii

The Roman citadel, Castellum Tingitanum, was a city of the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis. The site became known as Al-Asnam (Arabic for "sculptures") during the Umayyad Caliphate period. It covered an area of 600 by 300 metres (1,970 by 980 feet) and contained many statues.

Former bishopric

A Christian basilica dating back to the reign of the Emperor Constantine was discovered here, with an elaborate mosaic. This is the oldest church to be found in Africa[2]

No details are known about the ancient bishopric.

It was revived nominally as a Roman Catholic titular see in 1965, and was filled regularly since.

Titular bishops

Al-Asnam and the Ouled Kosseir

Chellif Valley was from the 15th century the territory of the Bedouin Ouled Kosseir, who settled there under the leadership of Hamou El Kosseir (H'ammü'l-Quççayri) having displaced the indigenous Berber tribes. This tribe is a tribal Djouadi (military nobility). If they even call themselves descendants of the Beni Makhzum (Either Khaled Ibn El Walid). Some historians believe that it belongs to the Confederation of Ibn Suwayd Zoghba of Beni Hillal and therefore cousins of Mehal, other military nobility.

Documents of the French army and other historians speak of "most powerful and wealthy tribes' in the Chellif Valley in 1830, with more than 500,000 hectares of very fertile land and more than 19,000 soldiers. The Ouled Kosseir participated in the moubayâa of the Emir Abdelkader, and their territory was granted under the Treaty of Tafna.

After the defeat of the Emir and his allies, their lands were in large part confiscated and distributed among settlers and other indigenous people, including Medjadja, marabouts who supported the French army on arrival.

The French Administration of Napoleon III, under the "Arab kingdom", tried to honor the leaders of the Ouled Kosseir as it does at that time, all with Djouadi. As such, some were decorated with the Legion of Honour (or Med Foudad Kharoubi Ben Ben Bia).

The last Kaid (tribal leader) with the arrival of the French army was Foudad Ben Adda, who served during 1867 on the city council of the municipality of Orleansville. He was also a member of the General Council of Algiers until his death in 1869.

Orléansville

In 1843 Maréchal Bugeaud founded the city of Orléansville at the modern site of Chlef.

The town was located at the confluence of the Chlef River and the Tsighaout River. The town developed due to the harsh climate, one of the hottest in northern Algeria.

The 6.7 Mw Chlef earthquake shook northern Algeria on 9 September 1954 with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). At least 1,243 people were killed and 5,000 were injured.

At that time the town had a population of 44,400 inhabitants. It was the home of the Algerian Division of the artistic group Lettrist International (LI), some of whom died in the earthquake. Mohamed Dahou survived and went on to become involved in the Situationist International. The LI described the town as "the most lettrist city in the world".

Transportation

Chlef has a station on the Algiers-Oran railway line. The city is served by Chlef International Airport.

Climate

Chlef has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa), with very hot, dry summers and mild, moist winters.

Climate data for Chlef
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 15.6
(60.1)		 17.3
(63.1)		 19.5
(67.1)		 22.2
(72)		 26.9
(80.4)		 32.3
(90.1)		 37.3
(99.1)		 37.1
(98.8)		 32.9
(91.2)		 26.5
(79.7)		 20.2
(68.4)		 16.0
(60.8)		 25.32
(77.57)
Daily mean °C (°F) 10.6
(51.1)		 11.8
(53.2)		 13.3
(55.9)		 15.9
(60.6)		 20.1
(68.2)		 24.8
(76.6)		 29.0
(84.2)		 29.0
(84.2)		 25.5
(77.9)		 20.3
(68.5)		 14.8
(58.6)		 11.2
(52.2)		 18.86
(65.93)
Average low °C (°F) 5.5
(41.9)		 6.2
(43.2)		 7.1
(44.8)		 9.5
(49.1)		 13.1
(55.6)		 17.3
(63.1)		 20.6
(69.1)		 20.8
(69.4)		 18.1
(64.6)		 14.0
(57.2)		 9.3
(48.7)		 6.3
(43.3)		 12.32
(54.17)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 43.4
(1.709)		 56.7
(2.232)		 39.3
(1.547)		 39.9
(1.571)		 34.0
(1.339)		 10.5
(0.413)		 1.8
(0.071)		 6.0
(0.236)		 11.5
(0.453)		 51.3
(2.02)		 53.0
(2.087)		 61.9
(2.437)		 409.3
(16.115)
Source: NOAA (1961-1990)[3]

References

  1. ↑ "Algeria - largest cities". World Gazeteer. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
  2. ↑ Francois Decret, Early Christianity in North Africa(James Clarke & Co, 2011) p84
  3. ↑ "Climate Normals for Chlef". Retrieved 11 February 2013.
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