CHRNE

CHRNE
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases CHRNE, ACHRE, CMS1D, CMS1E, CMS2A, FCCMS, SCCMS, CMS4A, CMS4B, CMS4C, cholinergic receptor nicotinic epsilon subunit
External IDs MGI: 87894 HomoloGene: 60 GeneCards: CHRNE
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez

1145

11448

Ensembl

ENSG00000108556

ENSMUSG00000014609

UniProt

Q04844

Q04844
P20782

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000080

NM_009603

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000071.1

NP_000071.1
NP_033733.1

Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 4.9 – 4.9 Mb Chr 11: 70.61 – 70.62 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Acetylcholine receptor subunit epsilon is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNE gene.[3][4]

Acetylcholine receptors at mature mammalian neuromuscular junctions are pentameric protein complexes composed of four subunits in the ratio of two alpha subunits to one beta, one epsilon, and one delta subunit. The achetylcholine receptor changes subunit composition shortly after birth when the epsilon subunit replaces the gamma subunit seen in embryonic receptors. Mutations in the epsilon subunit are associated with congenital myasthenic syndrome.[4]

Role in health and disease

Congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) is associated with genetic defects that affect proteins of the neuromuscular junction. Postsynaptic defects are the most frequent cause of CMS and often result in abnormalities in the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). The majority of mutations causing CMS are found in the AChR subunits genes.[5]

Out of all mutations associated with CMS, more than half are mutations in one of the four genes encoding the adult AChR subunits. Mutations of the AChR often result in endplate deficiency. The most common AChR gene mutation that underlies CMS is the mutation of the CHRNE gene. The CHRNE gene codes for the epsilon subunit of the AChR. Most mutations are autosomal recessive loss-of-function mutations and as a result there is endplate AChR deficiency. CHRNE is associated with changing the kinetic properties of the AChR.[6] One type of mutation of the epsilon subunit of the AChR introduces an Arginine (Arg) into the binding site at the α/ε subunit interface of the receptor. The addition of a cationic Arg into the anionic environment of the AChR binding site greatly reduces the kinetic properties of the receptor. The result of the newly introduced ARG is a 30-fold reduction of agonist affinity, 75-fold reduction of gating efficiency, and an extremely weakened channel opening probability. This type of mutation results in an extremely fatal form of CMS.[7]

See also

References

  1. "Human PubMed Reference:".
  2. "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
  3. Beeson D, Brydson M, Betty M, Jeremiah S, Povey S, Vincent A, Newsom-Davis J (Sep 1993). "Primary structure of the human muscle acetylcholine receptor. cDNA cloning of the gamma and epsilon subunits". Eur J Biochem. 215 (2): 229–38. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18027.x. PMID 7688301.
  4. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: CHRNE cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, epsilon".
  5. Cossins, J.; Burke, G.; Maxwell, S.; Spearman, H.; Man, S.; Kuks, J.; Vincent, A.; Palace, J.; Fuhrer, C.; Beeson, D. (2006). "Diverse molecular mechanisms involved in AChR deficiency due to rapsyn mutations". Brain. 129 (10): 2773–2783. doi:10.1093/brain/awl219. PMID 16945936.
  6. Abicht, A.; Dusl, M.; Gallenmüller, C.; Guergueltcheva, V.; Schara, U.; Della Marina, A.; Wibbeler, E.; Almaras, S.; Mihaylova, V.; Von Der Hagen, M.; Huebner, A.; Chaouch, A.; Müller, J. S.; Lochmüller, H. (2012). "Congenital myasthenic syndromes: Achievements and limitations of phenotype-guided gene-after-gene sequencing in diagnostic practice: A study of 680 patients". Human Mutation. 33 (10): 1474–1484. doi:10.1002/humu.22130. PMID 22678886.
  7. Shen, X. -M.; Brengman, J. M.; Edvardson, S.; Sine, S. M.; Engel, A. G. (2012). "Highly fatal fast-channel syndrome caused by AChR subunit mutation at the agonist binding site". Neurology. 79 (5): 449–454. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31825b5bda. PMC 3405251Freely accessible. PMID 22592360.

Further reading

External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 5/22/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.