Brunei Civil War

Brunei Civil War Perang Saudara Brunei Digmaang Sibil sa Brunay
The eastern part of Sabah was given to the Sulu Sultanate by Brunei as a reward for helping Sultan Muhyiddin's forces.
Date 1660 to 1673 Location Brunei Sabah (under Brunei) Result Victory for Muhyiddin: Eastern part of Sabah given to Sulu Sultanate as the reward for assisting the Muhyiddin's Forces. Abdul Hakkul Mubin was killed.
Belligerents
Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin's Forces	Sultan Muhyiddin's Forces Rebels from Sultan Muhammad Ali's followers (against Abdul Hakkul Mubin) Sulu Forces
Commanders and leaders
Abdul Hakkul Mubin	Muhyiddin

The Brunei Civil War was a civil war fought in Brunei from 1660 to 1673.^[1][2][3]

Causes

The Brunei Civil War was triggered by a cockfight^[1]

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During the reign of the thirteenth Sultan Muhammad Ali, there was a disagreement between the son of the Sultan, Pengiran Muda ("prince") Bongsu and Pengiran Muda Alam, the son of Pengiran Abdul Mubin over the results of a cockfight which Pengiran Muda Bungsu lost.^[1] His defeat was jeered by Pengiran Muda Alam. In his rage, Bongsu killed Pengiran Muda Alam and escaped from the scene.^[2]

In revenge, Abdul Mubin and his followers garroted Sultan Muhammad Ali. Abdul Mubin then made himself the fourteenth Sultan and took the title of "Sultan Hakkul Abdul Mubin".^[1] He tried to appease the previous Sultan's followers by appointing Muhammad Ali's grandson, Muhyiddin as the new Bendahara ("Chief Minister").^[1]

After a while, however, Muhammad Ali's supporters took revenge by convincing Bendahara Muhyiddin to stand up against Abdul Mubin. Bendahara Muhyddin initially refused, but then later agreed to do so. His supporters started making disturbances in the form of poking spears into palaces and homes.^[1] Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin then moved his palace to Pulau Chermin under the advice of Muhyiddin with the intent to wait the crisis out.^[1]

After he left, however, Muhyiddin declared himself the fifteenth sultan. A battle between the two competing Sultans then ensued. Thus, the civil war of Brunei started.^[1][2][3][4]

Fighting and outcome

During the Civil War, Abdul Mubin fled to Kinarut, Malaysia where, he stayed there for ten years, repelling repeated attacks by Sultan Muhyiddin.^[1] They returned to Brunei after a final attack by Muhyiddin's forces in which they failed to defeat Abdul Mubin.^[1]

Muhyiddin was concerned that the civil war was dragging on too long and asked the help of the sultan of Sulu to send forces. He reportedly promised the land of eastern Sabah as a reward for the Sulu's assistance.^[1]

Muhyiddin eventually emerged victorious. Abdul Mubin was killed in the civil war. It is not clear to historians whether Muhyiddin asked for Sulu’s help in the civil war. The Sultan of Sulu at that time on his part, however, claimed that he was asked by Brunei to help and was promised eastern Sabah as a reward. As promised, the Sultan of Sulu received eastern Sabah as an honorary gift from the Sultan of Brunei, for the Tausugs' help during the civil war.

See also

• Sabah
• Brunei
• Sultanate of Sulu
• History of Brunei
• History of Sabah
• Sultan of Brunei
• Cockfighting

References

Brunei articles
History	Bruneian Empire Castilian War Brunei Civil War White Rajahs British Borneo Japanese occupation Borneo campaign British Military Administration Brunei revolt Regional history
Geography	Borneo Cities and towns Districts Mukims (wards) Rivers Wildlife
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Society	Cuisine Culture Demographics Bruneian Ethnicity Education Languages Brunei English Media Music Religion Sports Symbols Anthem Emblem Flag
Outline Index Category

History of East Malaysia
Main history1	Empire of Brunei Japanese occupation Borneo campaign British Military Administration Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation Malaysia Agreement Proclamation of Malaysia
History of Sabah	Brunei Civil War Sultanate of Sulu Austrian colony North Borneo Chartered Company British North Borneo Antanum Mat Salleh Madrid Protocol Jesselton Revolt Sandakan camp Sandakan Death Marches Battle of North Borneo Crown Colony of North Borneo Self-government of North Borneo Cobbold Commission 20-point agreement Keningau Oath Stone Double Six Crash Cross border attacks from the Philippines 1985 Lahad Datu ambush 2000 Sipadan kidnappings 2013 Lahad Datu standoff 1986 Sabah riots 1991 Sabah political arrests Sabah State Water Department corruption probe
History of Sarawak	Kingdom of Sarawak Rentap Liu Shan Bang Syarif Masahor Crown Colony of Sarawak Anti-cession movement of Sarawak Communist insurgency in Sarawak Self-government of Sarawak Cobbold Commission 18-point agreement 1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis 1987 Ming Court Affair
History of Labuan	Crown Colony of Labuan North Borneo Chartered Company Administered under Straits Settlements Battle of North Borneo Battle of Labuan Administered under Crown Colony of North Borneo Part of Sabah Became Federal Territory
1: Covers the three territories.