Blackburn Kangaroo
| R.T.1 Kangaroo | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Role | Reconnaissance Torpedo Bomber |
| Manufacturer | Blackburn Aeroplane and Motor Co Ltd |
| First flight | 1918 |
| Introduction | 1918 |
| Retired | 1929 |
| Primary users | Royal Air Force Peruvian Army Flying Service |
| Number built | 20 |
| Developed from | Blackburn G.P. |
The Blackburn R.T.1 Kangaroo was a British twin-engine reconnaissance torpedo biplane of the First World War, built by Blackburn Aircraft.
World War I
In 1916, the Blackburn Aircraft Company designed and built two prototypes of an anti-submarine floatplane designated the Blackburn G.P. or Blackburn General Purpose. It was not ordered but Blackburn developed a landplane version as the Blackburn R.T.1 Kangaroo (Reconnaissance Torpedo Type 1). The first aircraft was delivered to Martlesham Heath in January 1918. Test results were disappointing, with the rear fuselage being prone to twisting and the aircraft suffering control problems, which led to the order for fifty aircraft being cut to twenty, most of which were already partly built.[1]
From the sixth aircraft, they were powered by the more powerful Rolls-Royce Falcon III engine replacing the 250 horsepower (190 kW) Rolls-Royce Falcon II. The Kangaroo entered service later that year with No. 246 Squadron RAF based at Seaton Carew, County Durham which had six months of wartime operations, in which they sank one U-Boat and damaged four others. UC-70, was spotted lying submerged on the sea bottom near Runswick Bay on 28 August 1918, by a Kangaroo flown by Lt E. F. Waring. The U-boat was badly damaged by a near miss by a 520 pounds (240 kg) bomb and finished off by the destroyer HMS Ouse.[1]
Post-World War I
In 1919, three surviving RAF Kangaroos were sold to the Grahame-White Aviation Co Ltd, based at Hendon Aerodrome.[2] Eight others were sold back to Blackburn Aircraft, three being converted with a glazed cabin for its subsidiary, North Sea Aerial Navigation Co Ltd, also based at Brough Aerodrome.[3] Several different configurations were embodied for the civil market, for cargo, pilot training and/or the accommodation of up to eight passengers. In the first few months of 1919, most of these converted aircraft continued to fly (and sometimes crash) in military markings, then the survivors were repainted with civilian registrations and commercial titles. In May 1919, joy-riding, cargo and passenger charters took place at locations including Brough, Leeds, West Hartlepool, Gosport and Hounslow Heath. During August 1919, three Kangaroos flew to Amsterdam for the ELTA air traffic exhibition and spent several weeks giving flights to an estimated 1,400 passengers. On 30 September 1919, North Sea Aerial Navigation Co Ltd started a regular passenger service between Roundhay Park (Leeds) and Hounslow Heath. In 1920, the company was renamed North Sea Aerial & General Transport Co Ltd and services were extended to Amsterdam.[4]
On 21 November 1919, one Kangaroo (G-EAOW) took off from Hounslow Heath in an attempt to win the Australian government prize of £A10,000 for the first Australian airman to fly a British aircraft from the UK to Australia within thirty consecutive days. The Kangaroo was forced to make an emergency landing at Suda Bay, Crete with a suspected sabotaged engine and the aircraft was abandoned there.[5][6] On 8 September 1922, two Kangaroos took part in the King's Cup Air Race from Croydon Aerodrome but both retired. In 1924, under contract with the North Sea Aerial & General Transport Co Ltd, the RAF used three Kangaroos (named Pip, Squeak and Wilfred after popular cartoon characters) as dual-control trainers for refresher training but by 1929 the last Kangaroo had been withdrawn from service and scrapped.[7]
Operators
Military
Civilian
- The Grahame-White Aviation Company
- North Sea Aerial Navigation Co Ltd, renamed in 1920 as North Sea Aerial & General Transport Co Ltd
Specifications (first prototype)
Data from Blackburn Aircraft since 1909[8]
General characteristics
- Crew: 3
- Length: 44 ft 2 in (13.46 m)
- Wingspan: 74 ft 10 in (22.82 m)
- Height: 16 ft 10 in (5.13 m)
- Wing area: 868 ft² (80.64 m²)
- Empty weight: 5,284 lb (2,397 kg)
- Max. takeoff weight: 8,017 lb (3,636 kg)
- Powerplant: 2 × Rolls-Royce Falcon II liquid-cooled V12 engine, 250 hp (186 kW) each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 98 mph at 6,500 ft (1980 m) (158 km/h)
- Service ceiling: 13,000 ft (3,960 m)
- Rate of climb: (initial) 480 ft/min (2.44 m/s)
Armament
- 2× 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis machine gun
- Up to 920 lb (417 kg) of bombs
See also
- Related lists
Footnotes
- 1 2 Jackson 1979, p. 397.
- ↑ Jackson 1979, p. 398.
- ↑ Jackson 1968, pp. 124, 165.
- ↑ Jackson 1979, pp. 398–400.
- ↑ Lewis 1970, pp. 106–109.
- ↑ Jackson 1968, pp. 118–119.
- ↑ Jackson 1974, p. 402.
- ↑ Jackson 1968, p. 122.
References
- Jackson, A. J. (1968). Blackburn Aircraft since 1909. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-370-00053-6.
- Jackson, A. J. (1974). British Civil Aircraft since 1919. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-370-10014-X.
- Jackson, A. J. (August 1979). "Blackburn's Marsupial". Aeroplane Monthly. London: IPC. 7 (8): 396–402. ISSN 0143-7240.
- Lewis, Peter (1970). British Racing and Record-Breaking Aircraft. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-370-00067-6.
Further reading
External links
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