Bell 222
| Bell 222 / 230 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A Bell 222 | |
| Role | Executive/utility helicopter |
| Manufacturer | Bell Helicopter |
| First flight | August 13, 1976 |
| Introduction | Bell 222: 1979 Bell 230: 1991 |
| Produced | Bell 222: 1980–1991 Bell 230: 1992–1995 |
| Number built | Bell 222: 199 Bell 230: 38[1] |
| Variants | Bell 430 |
| Developed into | Bell D-292 ACAP |
The Bell 222 is an American twin-engined light helicopter built by Bell Helicopter. The Bell 230 is an improved development with different engines and other minor changes. A cosmetically modified version of the 222 was used as the titular aircraft in the American television series Airwolf.
Development
Origins
In the late 1960s, Bell began designing a new twin turbine engine light helicopter. A mock-up of the new helicopter was displayed in January 1974 at a helicopter convention.[2] Following interest at the convention the company announced the new Bell 222.[3] It was the first light commercial twin turbine engine helicopter developed in the United States.[4]
The Bell 222 incorporated a number of advanced features including dual hydraulic and electrical systems, sponsons housing the retractable landing gear, and the Noda Matic vibration reduction system developed for the Bell 214ST.[1]
Manufacturing began in 1975.[2] The Model 222 first flew on August 13, 1976. It received certification from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) on August 16, 1979 and was approved for visual flight rules (VFR) use on December 20, 1979. Helicopter deliveries began on January 16, 1980. The FAA approved the 222 for single pilot instrument flight rules (IFR) operation on May 15, 1980.[5]
Improved versions
The more powerful Bell 222B was introduced in 1982 with a larger diameter main rotor. The 222B-based Bell 222UT Utility Twin, with skid landing gear, was introduced in 1983.[1]
A development of the 222 is the Bell 230, with the 222's LTS 101 engines replaced by two Allison 250 turboshafts, plus other refinements. A converted 222 first flew as the prototype 230 on August 12, 1991. Transport Canada awarded certification in March 1992, and the first production 230 was delivered that November. The 230 had optional skid or wheel undercarriage. Production ended in 1995 with 38 having been built, being replaced in Bell's lineup by the stretched, more powerful Bell 430.[1]
Design
The design includes two main rotor blades of stainless-steel-fiberglass construction and rotor hub with elastomeric bearings, which are lubricant free.[4] Its cabin holds a maximum of 10 persons with 1-2 pilots and 8-9 passengers. Seating configurations include standard seating for a pilot and seven passengers; or executive seating with 1-2 pilots and seating for 5-6.[4] The Bell 222 and 230 are usually flown single-pilot (optional dual controls are available), and can be configured for corporate/executive, EMS or utility transport missions.[1]
The Bell 222 is powered by twin Lycoming/Honeywell LTS101-650 turboshaft engines, rated at 592 shp each.[5] Later 222 versions feature more powerful engines. Engine output is at 100% of rating at 9598 RPM. Two independent drive shafts deliver power from the engines to the transmission. The Bell 222's LTS-engine exhaust stacks are located at the rear of the engines, while the 230's Allison-engine exhaust stacks are located high on the cowling. Fuel is stored in three tanks, one in the fuselage and one in each sponson. The main rear landing gear retract into the sponsons.[2]
The Bell 222's rotor systems include:
- Two-blade, semi-rigid high-kinetic energy main rotor with preconing and underslinging. The rotor head incorporates elastomeric bearings for hub springs, flapping and pitch change bearings. The system is similar in design to that used by the AH-1 Cobra. Rotor speed at 100% engine speed is 348 RPM.
- All series models incorporate a pusher-type two-bladed tail rotor mounted on the left side of the tailboom, turning at 3396 RPM.
Variants
- Bell 222
- The original Model 222, sometimes unofficially called a Bell 222A to distinguish it from the Bell 222B. It was powered by two (461 kW takeoff rated, 441 kW max continuous rated) Honeywell (formerly Lycoming) LTS-101-650C-3 turboshafts.
- Bell 222B
- In 1982 the 222 was given a power upgrade (two Honeywell (formerly Lycoming) LTS-101-750Cs with takeoff rating of 505 kW each), a larger main rotor, and was renamed the Bell 222B.
- Bell 222B Executive
- This model had improved systems and a luxury interior.
- Bell 222UT
- A 222B variant with skids, introduced in 1983. The lack of retractable landing gear allowed for larger auxiliary fuel tanks.
- Bell D-292
- The Advanced Composite Airframe Program (ACAP) was a 1985 all-composite LHX proof of concept project. The Bell D-292 used the Avco Lycoming engines, transmission, two-bladed main and tail rotors, tailboom, vertical fin, and rotor pylon of the 222. The D-292 had a new composite airframe.
- Bell 230
- In 1991 the 222B design was updated, given more powerful engine versions, and renamed the Bell 230. Production ended in 1995.
- Bell 230 Executive
- Executive transport version.
- Bell 230 Utility
- Utility transport version.
- Bell 230 EMS
- Air ambulance version, equipped with one or two stretchers.
- Bell 222SP
- During the 1990s, some Bell 222s were modified with the 222B's engines and 230's Allison 250-C30G engines for improved single engine (engine-out) performance, and redesignated as 222SPs.[6]
- Bell 430
- In 1995 the Bell 430, a stretched 230 (adding another seating row), was launched, with more powerful engines and a four-blade main rotor.
Operators
The Bell 222 has seen service with a large number of civil operators, but only limited military service.
- Government of Albania (crashed in 2006)[7][8]
Specifications
| Model | 222 | 222B | 222U | 230 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Announced | 1974 | 1982 | 1982 | 1990 |
| First Flight | August 13, 1976 | 1982 | 1983 | August 12, 1991 |
| Certified | December 1979 | August 1982 | April 1983 | March 1992 |
| Delivered | 1980 | 1982 | 1983 | November 1992 |
| Seats | Front: pilot + one. Main: 4–6 (depending on seat types) Maximum 10 (pilot and 9 passengers)[9] | |||
| Height | 11 ft 8 in (3.56 m) | 12 ft 2 in (3.71 m) | 11 ft 8 in (3.56 m) | |
| Fuselage length | 42 ft 2 in (12.85 m) | 42 ft 11 in (12.78 m) | 42 ft 3 in (12.88 m) | |
| Rotor diameter | 40 ft (12.2 m) | 42 ft (12.80 m) | ||
| Length overall | 49 ft 6 in (15.1 m) | 50 ft 3 in (15.32 m) | ||
| Engine (2x) | Lycoming LTS-101-650C-3 | Lycoming LTS-101-750C | Rolls-Royce 250-C30G/2 | |
| Power (2x) | 618 hp (461 kW) | 680 hp (505 kW) | 700 hp (520 kW) | |
| Max speed | 130 kt (149 mph, 240 km/h) | 135 kt (155 mph, 250 km/h) | 140 kt (161 mph, 260 km/h) | |
| Climb rate | 1,580 ft/min (8.03 m/s) | 1,730 ft/min (8.79 m/s) | ~1,600 ft/min (8.13 m/s) | |
| Service ceiling | 12,800 ft (3,901 m) | 15,800 ft (4,816 m) | 15,500 ft (4,724 m) | |
| Hover ceiling | ~9,000 ft (2,743 m) | 10,300 ft (3,139 m) | 12,400 ft (3,780 m) | |
| Fuel Capacity | 188+48 US gal (710+182 L) | 188+122 US gal (710+460 L) | 188+ US gal (710+ L) | |
| Range | 324 nmi (372 mi, 600 km) | 378 nmi (434 mi, 700 km) | 386 nmi (559 mi, 900 km) | 378 nmi (434 mi, 700 km) |
| Empty Weight | 4,555 lb (2,066 kg) | 4,577 lb (2,076 kg) | 4,537 lb (2,058 kg) | 5,097 lb (2,312 kg) |
| Maximum Take-off Weight | 7,848 lb (3,560 kg) | 8,250 lb (3,742 kg) | 8,400 lb (3,810 kg) | |
Sources: Airliners.net,[10] Helicopterdirect,[11] Others[12][13]
Notable appearances in media
The Bell 222 is widely known from the television series Airwolf, where a modified 222A was featured. Bell 222s have also made a variety of background appearances in film, television, and computer games.
See also
- Related development
- Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Frawley, Gerard, The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003-2004, Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2003, ISBN 1-875671-58-7
- 1 2 3 Apostolo, Giorgio. "Bell Model 222". The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Helicopters. New York: Bonanza Books. 1984. ISBN 978-0-517-43935-7.
- ↑ Frawley, Gerard, "Bell 222 & 230", The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003-2004, p. 46, Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2003, ISBN 1-875671-58-7
- 1 2 3 Donald, David, ed. "Bell Model 222". The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Barnes & Nobel Books, 1997. ISBN 0-7607-0592-5.
- 1 2 Pelletier, Alain J. Bell Aircraft Since 1935. US Naval Institute Press, 1992. ISBN 1-55750-056-8.
- ↑ "Bell 222". Jane's Helicopter Markets and Systems. Jane's Information Group, 2009. (subscription article).
- ↑ "Albanian Govt. Bell 222UT AL-HOV". helis.com. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
- ↑ "Albania - Government / Bell 222UT". Demand media. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
- ↑ FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet
- ↑ Bell 222 & 230 page on airliner.net
- ↑ Bell helicopter technical data, helicopterdirect.com
- ↑ Bell 222 technical data on airwolf.tv-series.com
- ↑ "Helicopters - Manufacturers and Models of Helicopters A - BEL". aircraftone.com. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
- Bell 222/230 Field Maintenance Training Manual
- Bell 222U Rotorcraft Flight Manual
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bell 222. |
- Airliners.net: Bell 222 & 230
- RTH.info: Bell 222 in aeromedical services (in English and German)
- FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet