Arterial tree

In anatomy, arterial tree is used to refer to all arteries and/or the branching pattern of the arteries. This article regards the human arterial tree. Starting from the aorta:

Ascending aorta

(Branches to right coronary artery and left coronary artery. Click link for more info)

right coronary artery

posterior interventricular artery (mostly)
SA nodal artery (in 60%)
Right marginal artery

left coronary artery

anterior interventricular
- septal
- diagonal
circumflex
- SA nodal artery (in 40%)
- posterior interventricular artery (occasionally)
- Left marginal arteries
- posterolateral artery
ramus intermedius (sometimes)

Arch of aorta

brachiocephalic artery

right common carotid artery
right subclavian artery

left common carotid artery (directly from arch of aorta on left mostly)

internal carotid artery

ophthalmic artery
- Orbital group
  - Lacrimal artery
    - lateral palpebral arteries
    - zygomatic branches
    - recurrent branch
  - Supraorbital artery
    - superficial branch
    - deep branch
  - Posterior ethmoidal artery
    - meningeal branch
    - nasal branches
  - Anterior ethmoidal artery
    - anterior meningeal artery
    - nasal branches
    - superior palpebral arch
    - inferior palpebral arch
  - Supratrochlear artery
  - Dorsal nasal artery
    - twig to the upper part of lacrimal sac
    - to root of nose
    - dorsum of the nose
- Ocular group
  - Long posterior ciliary arteries
    - Circulus arteriosus major
    - Circulus arteriosus minor
  - Short posterior ciliary arteries
  - Anterior ciliary artery
  - Central retinal artery
  - Muscular artery
anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery
- anterolateral central arteries
  - internal striate
  - external striate
posterior communicating artery

external carotid artery

Arising in carotid triangle^[1]
- Superior thyroid artery
- Ascending pharyngeal artery
- Lingual artery
- Facial artery
  - cervical
    - Ascending palatine artery
    - Tonsillar branch
    - Submental artery
      - superficial branch
      - deep branch
    - Glandular branches
  - facial
    - Inferior labial artery
    - Superior labial artery
    - Lateral nasal branch
    - Angular artery - the terminal branch
- Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
Terminal branches
- Maxillary artery
  - First portion
    - Deep auricular artery
    - Anterior tympanic artery
    - Middle meningeal artery
      - anterior and posterior
        ophthalmic artery (very rarely)
        
        superior tympanic artery
        
        vessels to semilunar ganglion
        
        superficial petrosal branch
        
        superior tympanic artery
        
        Orbital branches
        
        Temporal branches
    - Inferior alveolar artery
      - incisor branch
      - mental branch
      - lingual branch
      - mylohyoid branch
    - Accessory meningeal artery
  - Second portion
    - Masseteric artery
    - Pterygoid branches
    - Deep temporal arteries (anterior and posterior)
    - Buccal artery
  - Third portion
    - Sphenopalatine artery, terminal branch
      - posterior lateral nasal branches
      - posterior septal branches
    - Descending palatine artery
      - greater palatine artery
      - lesser palatine arteries
    - Infraorbital artery
      - orbital branches
      - anterior superior alveolar arteries
    - Posterior superior alveolar artery
    - branches to alveolar canals
    - branches to gingiva
    - Pharyngeal artery
    - Artery of pterygoid canal
- Superficial temporal artery

Left subclavian artery (directly from arch of aorta on left)

vertebral artery

Meningeal branches of vertebral artery
Posterior spinal artery
- ascending branch
- descending branch
Anterior spinal artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
- medial branch
- lateral branch
Basilar artery
- Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
- pontine branches

internal thoracic artery

Mediastinal branches
Thymic branches
Pericardiophrenic artery
Sternal branches
Perforating branches
six anterior intercostal branches
- upper branches
- lower branches of the space anastomoses
Musculophrenic artery
- intercostal branches {three }
- branches to lower part of the pericardium
- branches to diaphragm
- branches to abdominal muscles.
Superior epigastric artery

thyrocervical trunk

inferior thyroid artery
suprascapular artery
transverse cervical artery
- Superficial branch
- Deep branch/Dorsal scapular artery (sometimes)

costocervical trunk

Deep cervical artery
Supreme intercostal artery
- 1st and 2nd posterior intercostal artery

Axillary artery

Brachial artery

Profunda brachii artery
- radial collateral artery
- medial collateral artery
- branches to the deltoid muscle
Superior ulnar collateral artery
- Posterior ulnar recurrent artery
Inferior ulnar collateral artery
- Ascending branches
- Descending branches
radial artery
- radial branches in the forearm
- Radial recurrent artery
- Palmar carpal branch of radial artery
- Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery
- radial branches at the wrist
- Dorsal carpal branch of radial artery
- First dorsal metacarpal artery
- radial branches in the hand
- Princeps pollicis artery
- Radialis indicis
- Deep palmar arch
ulnar artery
- anterior ulnar recurrent artery
- posterior ulnar recurrent artery
- common interosseous artery
- posterior interosseous artery
  - interosseous recurrent artery
- anterior interosseous artery
  - muscular branches
  - nutrient arteries of radius and ulna
  - branch to volar carpal network
- muscular artery
- volar carpal
- palmar carpal arch
- dorsal carpal
- dorsal carpal arch
- deep volar
- superficial volar arch

Thoracic aorta

bronchial arteries
esophageal arteries
mediastinal branches
Lower 9(3rd to 11th) posterior intercostal arteries
subcostal arteries
superior phrenic arteries

Abdominal aorta

celiac

left gastric artery
- hepatic branch
- oesophageal branch
common hepatic artery
- proper hepatic artery
  - Terminal branches
    - right hepatic artery
      - Cystic artery
    - left hepatic artery
  - right gastric artery
- gastroduodenal artery
  - right gastro-omental artery
  - superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
splenic artery

superior mesenteric

renal

Anterior and posterior

common iliac arteries

internal iliac artery

Anterior division

obturator artery
superior vesical artery
Vaginal artery (females) / inferior vesical artery (males)
middle rectal artery
internal pudendal artery
- inferior rectal artery
- perineal artery
- posterior scrotal branches in males / posterior labial branches in females
- urethral artery
- artery of bulb of penis in males / artery of bulb of vestibule in females
- dorsal artery of penis in males / dorsal artery of clitoris in females
- deep artery of penis in males / deep artery of clitoris in females
inferior gluteal artery
- Accompanying artery of ischiadic nerve
Uterine artery (females) / deferential artery (males)
- Vaginal artery (sometimes)
(obliterated) umbilical artery

Posterior division

iliolumbar artery
- Lumbar branch
- Iliac branch
lateral sacral artery
- Superior
- Inferior
superior gluteal artery
- Superficial branch
- Deep branch

external iliac artery

Inferior epigastric artery
Deep circumflex iliac artery
femoral artery
- superficial epigastric artery
- Superficial circumflex iliac artery
- Superficial external pudendal artery
- Deep external pudendal artery
- Deep femoral artery
  - Lateral femoral circumflex artery
    - ascending branch
    - descending branch
    - transverse branch
  - Medial femoral circumflex artery
    - ascending branch
    - descending branch
      - superficial branch
      - deep branch
      - acetabular branch
  - Perforating arteries
    - first perforating artery
    - second perforating artery
    - third/fourth perforating artery
- Descending genicular artery
  - Saphenous branch
  - Musculo-articular branch

Popliteal artery

anterior tibial artery
- post. tibial recurrent artery
- ant. tibial recurrent artery
- muscular branches
- anterior medial malleolar artery
- anterior lateral malleolar artery
- Dorsalis pedis artery
posterior tibial artery
- fibular artery (sometimes from popliteal artery)
  - communicating branch to the anterior tibial artery
  - perforating branch to the posterior tibial artery
- medial plantar artery
- lateral plantar artery
sural artery
medial superior genicular artery
- Branch to vastus medialis
- Branch to surface of the femur and the knee-joint
lateral superior genicular artery
- superficial branch
- deep branch
middle genicular artery
medial inferior genicular artery
- branch to popliteus
lateral inferior genicular artery

References

↑ Human Anatomy - Lab 25 Step 12

Arteries and veins

Vessels

Arteries	Nutrient artery Arteriole Metarteriole

Capillaries	Types Continuous Fenestrated Sinusoidal Precapillary sphincter Precapillary resistance

Veins	Vena comitans Superficial vein Deep vein Emissary veins Venous plexus Venule

Lymph	Lymphatic vessel Lymph Lymph capillary

Circulation

Systemic	Left heart → Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena cava → (Right heart)

Pulmonary	Right heart → Pulmonary arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left heart

Microanatomy

Arteries of the head and neck

cervical branches (ascending palatine, tonsillar, submental, glandular)
facial branches (inferior labial
superior labial / nasal septum
lateral nasal
angular)

1st part / mandibular	anterior tympanic deep auricular middle meningeal (superior tympanic, petrosal) accessory meningeal inferior alveolar (mental, mylohyoid)

2nd part / pterygoid	to muscles of mastication (deep temporal, pterygoid, masseteric) buccal

3rd part / pterygopalatine	posterior superior alveolar infraorbital (anterior superior alveolar) descending palatine (greater palatine, lesser palatine) artery of the pterygoid canal sphenopalatine (posterior septal branches, posterior lateral nasal) pharyngeal

cervical	carotid sinus

petrous	Vidian caroticotympanic

cavernous/ ophthalmic	orbital group:anterior ethmoidal posterior ethmoidal lacrimal (lateral palpebral) medial palpebral terminal (supraorbital, supratrochlear, dorsal nasal) ocular group: central retinal ciliary (short posterior, long posterior, anterior) Circulus arteriosus major hypophysial (superior, inferior)

Brain	Circle of Willis ACA (anterior communicating, medial striate, Orbitofrontal artery) MCA (anterolateral central, Prefrontal artery, Superior terminal branch, Inferior terminal branch, Anterior temporal branch) posterior communicating anterior choroidal

vertebral artery

meningeal
spinal (posterior, anterior)
basilar: pontine
labyrinthine
cerebellar (AICA, SCA, PICA)
cerebral (PCA)

thyrocervical trunk

inferior thyroid	inferior laryngeal tracheal esophageal ascending cervical pharyngeal glandular branches

transverse cervical	superficial branch deep branch / dorsal scapular scapular anastomosis

suprascapular	acromial branch scapular anastomosis

costocervical trunk

Arteries of the human arm

Axillary

Shoulder (before teres minor)

1st part	Superior thoracic artery

2nd part	Thoracoacromial artery pectoral branch acromial branch clavicular branch deltoid branch Lateral thoracic artery

3rd part	Subscapular artery scapular anastomosis circumflex scapular artery thoracodorsal artery anterior humeral circumflex artery posterior humeral circumflex artery

Brachial

Forearm (before cubital fossa)

profunda brachii
- radial collateral
- medial collateral
ulnar collateral
- superior
- inferior

Radial artery

forearm	radial recurrent

wrist/carpus	Dorsal carpal branch dorsal carpal arch Palmar carpal branch deep palmar arch

hand	Superficial palmar branch princeps pollicis radialis indicis artery superficial palmar arch

Median artery

median artery

Ulnar artery

forearm	ulnar recurrent anterior posterior common interosseous anterior posterior interosseous recurrent

wrist/carpus	Dorsal carpal branch dorsal carpal arch Palmar carpal branch superficial palmar arch

Arterial Arches

Dorsal carpal arch	dorsal metacarpal dorsal digital

Palmar carpal arch	superficial palmar arch common palmar digital proper palmar digital deep palmar arch palmar metacarpal

Arteries of the torso and chest

Lungs

Pulmonary artery
- Right
- Left (Ligamentum arteriosum)

Heart

Left coronary:
- Anterior interventricular
- Left circumflex (Left marginal)

Aorta

Sections

Aortic arch

Brachiocephalic	Thyreoidea ima Right subclavian Right common carotid

Left common carotid	External carotid Internal carotid Carotid body Carotid sinus Carotid bifurcation

Left subclavian	Internal thoracic: Anterior intercostal Thymic Pericardiacophrenic Perforating branches terminal (Musculophrenic, superior epigastric) Costocervical trunk: Highest intercostal (Posterior intercostal 1–2) Deep cervical

Descending
aorta

Arteries of the abdomen and pelvis

Abdominal
aorta

Inferior phrenic

Medial branch
Lateral branch

Celiac

Left gastric	Esophageal branches

Common hepatic	Proper hepatic cystic Right gastric Gastroduodenal right gastroepiploic superior pancreaticoduodenal supraduodenal

Splenic	Pancreatic branches greater dorsal Short gastrics Left gastroepiploic

Superior mesenteric

Suprarenal

Middle suprarenal

Renal

Gonadal

Lumbar

Lumbar arteries

Inferior mesenteric

Common iliac

Internal iliac

Posterior trunk

Iliolumbar	Lumbar branch Iliac branch

Lateral sacral	superior branch inferior branch

Superior gluteal	superficial branch deep branch

Anterior trunk

Superior vesical artery	Umbilical artery Medial umbilical ligament to ductus deferens

Obturator	Anterior branch Pubic branch Posterior branch Acetabular branch Cruciate anastomosis Corona mortis

Middle rectal	Vaginal branch ♀ / Prostatic branch ♂

Uterine ♀	Arcuate Vaginal branches Ovarian branches Tubal branches Spiral

Vaginal ♀ / Inferior vesical ♂

Inferior gluteal	Accompanying of sciatic nerve Cruciate anastomosis

Internal pudendal	Inferior rectal Perineal posterior scrotal posterior labial Bulb of penis/vestibule Urethral Deep artery of the penis helicine Deep artery of clitoris Dorsal of the penis Dorsal of the clitoris

External iliac

Inferior epigastric
- Corona mortis
Deep circumflex iliac
Femoral
- see arteries of lower limbs

Median sacral

Coccygeal glomus

Arteries of the human leg

Inferior epigastric

cremasteric ♂ / round ligament ♀

Deep circumflex iliac

no major branches

Femoral

In femoral canal	superficial epigastric superficial circumflex iliac superficial external pudendal deep external pudendal (anterior scrotal ♂

Descending genicular	saphenous branch articular branches

Profunda femoris	medial circumflex femoral ascending descending superficial deep acetabular lateral circumflex femoral descending transverse ascending perforating Cruciate anastomosis Trochanteric anastomosis

Popliteal

Genicular	superior genicular (medial, lateral) middle genicular inferior genicular (medial, lateral)

Sural	no major branches

Anterior tibial	tibial recurrent posterior anterior) anterior malleolar medial lateral dorsalis pedis: tarsal (medial, lateral)

Tibial-fibular (Tibial-peroneal) trunk	Posterior tibial circumflex fibular medial plantar lateral plantar fibular (peroneal)

Arches	arcuate dorsal metatarsal first dorsal metatarsal deep plantar dorsal digital arteries plantar arch plantar metatarsal common plantar digital proper plantar digital

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