Aleviler

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Aleviler is an idiom to characterize the Zaydids of Tabaristan, Daylam and Gilan; the Bātinī-Ismāʿīlīs^[1] of Pamir Mountains in Turkestan and the Non-Ja'fari Twelver-Shi’ites in Turkey.

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Early Imāms Ali Hasan Husayn as-Sajjad al-Baqir Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar al-Mubārak Muhammad ibn Ismāʿīl ash-Shākir ʿAbadu l-Lāh (al-Wāfī Ahmad) Ahmad (al-Taqī Muhammad) Ḥusayn (ar-Raḍī ʿAbdillāh) ʿAbdu l-Lāh al-Mahdī bi l-Lāh al-Qāʾim al-Manṣūr al-Muʿizz al-ʿAzīz al-Ḥākim al-Ẓāhir al-Mustanṣir bi l-Lāh Nizār al-Muṣṭafā li-Dīn’il-Lāh / Aḥmadu l-Mustāʿlī bi l-Lāh Manṣūr al-Āmir bi-Aḥkām’il-Lāh Abu l-Qāsim al-Tayyib
Nizari Ismaili and Taiyabi Da'is  Nizārī Ismā'īlī Aga Khan IV Taiyabi-Musta’li Ismailis Dawoodi Bohra Disputed between Mufaddal Saifuddin and Taher Fakhruddin Sulaymani Al-Fakhri Abdullah Alavi Bohra Haatim Zakiyuddin
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Classification of Aleviler

• Turkestan Alevis^[1]
  • Zaid’īyyah Alavids of the Tabaristan, Daylam and Gilan, emerged under the influence of the Hasan ibn Zayd and the efforts of Hasan ibn Ali al-Utrush
  • Bātinī-Ismāʿīl’īyyah Alevis of the Pamir Mountains,^[1] emerged under the influence of the Ismailyya Da'i Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani of the Fatimid caliph Abū Tamīm Ma'add al-Mustanṣir bi-llāh
• Bābā’ī-Bātin’īyyah (Mostly Turkish and some Kurdish) Alevis
  • Ḥurūfī’īyyah-Bektashism/Bektashiyyah Tariqa, a religious Alevi-Bātinī community in Turkey, Balkans and Albania, emerged under the influence of Ismailiyyah Shia, Shamanism and Tengrism
  • Sāfav’īyyah-Kızılbaşism/Qizilbash Tariqa, a religious Ghulāt-Alevi community in Turkey, emerged under the influence of Kaysanites Shia, Khurramiyyah Tariqa, and Shah Ismail of the Safavid Dynasty in Iran
• Non-Islamic Yazdânī Faith ^[2] (Claimed by some of their followers as Kurdish Alevism,^[3] as well)
  • Yârsânism ^[4][5] Non-Islamic Kurdish Esoterism ^[6]
  • Chinarism Anti-Islamic ^[7] Ishik Alevism ^[8]

References

Further reading

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Alevi history Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam Shia in Persia before Safavids Shiism in Persia after Safavids Umayyad Caliphate Abu Muslim Abbasid Caliphate Babak Khorramdin Kaykhusraw II Baba Ishak Bayezid II Persecution of Alevis Şahkulu Rebellion Şahkulu Battle of Chaldiran Selim I Abaza rebellion Kuyucu Murad Pasha Auspicious Incident Mahmud II Koçgiri Rebellion Dersim Rebellion Seyid Riza Dersim Massacre Maraş Massacre Çorum Massacre Sivas massacre
Related Muslim tariqah Malamatiyya Qalandariyya Qadiriyya Akbari Sufis Rifa'i Uwaisi Naqshbandi Mevlevi Order Zahediyeh Safaviyya Khalwati order Bayramiye Jelveti Babai Revolt Hurufism Nuqtavi Chepni people Bektashi Order Bektashism and folk religion Jelali revolts Ni'matullāhī Arabati Baba Teḱe Javad Nurbakhsh Galibi Order
Other influential groups Isma'ilism Alavi Bohra Nizari Alawites Druze Khurramites Qizilbash Bábism Bahá'í Faith Yazdanī Yarsanism Yazidi Yazidis in Armenia Sabians Ishikism Gnosticism Nabataeans Zoroaster Zoroastrianism Mazdak Zurvanism Mandaeism Manichaeism Shamanism Tengrism Panentheism
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Alavids

• Madelung, W. (1975). "The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran". In Frye, R.N. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 198–249. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6. 
• Madelung, W. (1985). "ʿALIDS OF ṬABARESTĀN, DAYLAMĀN, AND GĪLĀN". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 8. London u.a.: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 881–886. ISBN 0710090994. 

Bektashism

• Brown, John (1927), The Darvishes of Oriental Spiritualism.
• Küçük, Hülya (2002) The Roles of the Bektashis in Turkey’s National Struggle. Leiden: Brill.
• Mélikoff, Irène (1998). Hadji Bektach: Un mythe et ses avatars. Genèse et évolution du soufisme populaire en Turquie. Leiden: Islamic History and Civilization, Studies and Texts, volume 20, ISBN 90-04-10954-4.
• Vorhoff, Karin. (1998), “Academic and Journalistic Publications on the Alevi and Bektashi of Turkey.” In: Tord Olsson/Elizabeth Özdalga/Catharina Raudvere (eds.) Alevi Identity: Cultural, Religious and Social Perspectives, Istanbul: Swedish Research Institute, pp. 23–50.
• Yaman, Ali & Aykan Erdemir (2006). Alevism-Bektashism: A Brief Introduction, London: England Alevi Cultural Centre & Cem Evi. ISBN 975-98065-3-3

Kızılbaşism

• Halm, H. (1982). Die Islamische Gnosis: Die extreme Schia und die Alawiten. Zurich.
• Kehl-Bodrogi, Krisztina (1992). Die Kizilbas/Aleviten. Untersuchungen uber eine esoterische Glaubensgemeinschaft in Anatolien. Die Welt des Islams, (New Series), Vol. 32, No. 1.
• Krisztina Kehl-Bodrogi, Krisztina, & Barbara Kellner-Heinkele, Anke Otter-Beaujean, eds. (1997) Syncretistic Religious Communities in the Near East. Leiden: Brill, pp. 11–18.
• Moosa, Matti (1988). Extremist Shiites: The Ghulat Sects, Syracuse University Press.

Ahl-e Haqq Tariqa and Kurdish Alevis

• Elahi, Bahram (1987). The path of perfection, the spiritual teachings of Master Nur Ali Elahi. ISBN 0-7126-0200-3.
• Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa (Detroit: Thompson Gale, 2004) p. 82.
• Edmonds, Cecil (1957). Kurds, Turks, and Arabs: politics, travel, and research in north-eastern Iraq, 1919-1925. Oxford University Press.
• Hamzeh'ee, M. Reza Fariborz (1995). Krisztina Kehl-Bodrogi; et al., eds. Syncretistic Religious Communities in the Near East. Leiden: Brill. pp. 101–117. ISBN 90-04-10861-0. 
• Kreyenbroek, P. G. (1992). Review of The Yaresan: A Sociological, Historical and Religio-Historical Study of a Kurdish Community, by M. Reza Hamzeh'ee, 1990, ISBN 3-922968-83-X. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol.55, No.3, pp. 565–566.
• White, Paul J. (2003), “The Debate on the Identity of "Alevi Kurds".” In: Paul J. White/Joost Jongerden (eds.) Turkey’s Alevi Enigma: A Comprehensive Overview. Leiden: Brill, pp. 17–32.