Administrative divisions of French Polynesia

French Polynesia
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politics and government of
French Polynesia

There are two levels of administrative divisions of French Polynesia and five administrative subdivisions (French: subdivisions administratives). Each of these is further divided into a total of 48 communes. Many of the communes are further subdivided into communes associées. The breakdown into administrative subdivisions was as a result of decree #72-408 of May 17, 1972, and the communes were thereafter established as a result of law #71-1028, dated December 24, 1971. ג Below are several lists of the divisions, according to different sorting schemes.

Administrative subdivisions

NameFrench: NameOfficial French NameNotes Capital Area (km²) Population Density
(hab./km²)
Windward Islands Îles du Ventla subdivision administrative des Îles du Ventpart of the Society IslandsPapeete 1204.62204400 169.7
Austral Islands Îles Australesla subdivision administrative des (Îles) Australesincludes the Bass IslandsMataura 145.897112 48.7
Tuamotu-Gambier Îles Tuamotu-Gambierla subdivision administrative des (Îles) Tuamotu-GambierRangiroa 921.8617940 19.5
Leeward Islands Îles Sous-le-Ventla subdivision administrative des Îles Sous-le-Ventpart of the Society IslandsUturoa 412.253551186.1
Marquesas Islands Îles Marquisesla subdivision administrative des (Îles) Marquisesa northeastern Polynesian outlierTaiohae 1062.1298359.3
French Polynesia Papeete 374727480073.3

By communes

NameSubdivisionINSEE codeNotes Capital Area (km²) Population Density
(hab./km²)
Fatu HivaMarquesas Islands98718Omo’a84.8026367.5
Hiva-OaMarquesas Islands98723Atuona324.624477.5
Nuku-HivaMarquesas Islands98731CapitalTaiohae39031538.1
TahuataMarquesas Islands98746Vaitahu69.8572310.4
Ua-HukaMarquesas Islands98756Vaipaee86.426337.3
Ua-PouMarquesas Islands98757Hakahau106.5224321.1
Anaa Iles Tuamotu-Gambier98711Tukuhora5991215.5
Arutua (commune) Iles Tuamotu-Gambier98713Rautini 49.5151030.5
Fakarava (commune) Iles Tuamotu-Gambier98716Rotoava 143.6180012.5
Fangatau (commune) Iles Tuamotu-Gambier98717Teana 20.9530614.6
Gambier Islands Iles Tuamotu-Gambier98719Rikitea 61.63156425.4
Hao (commune) Iles Tuamotu-Gambier98720Otepa 97.7163016.7
Hikueru (commune) Iles Tuamotu-Gambier98721Tupapati 29.32558.7
Makemo (commune) Iles Tuamotu-Gambier98726Pouheva 120.5171014.2
Manihi (commune) Iles Tuamotu-Gambier98727Paeua 31.7132041.6
Napuka (commune) Iles Tuamotu-Gambier98730Tepukamaruia 11.237033.0
Nukutavake (commune) Iles Tuamotu-Gambier98732Tavananui 17.2536020.9
Puka-Puka (commune) Iles Tuamotu-Gambier98737Teonemahina 12.816713.0
Rangiroa Iles Tuamotu-Gambier98740Avatoru 148.8346723.3
Reao (commune) Iles Tuamotu-Gambier98742Tapuarava 31.3662019.8
Takaroa (commune) Iles Tuamotu-Gambier98749Teavaroa 36.85129035.0
Tatakoto (commune) Iles Tuamotu-Gambier98751Tumukuru 11.530126.2
Tureia (commune) Iles Tuamotu-Gambier98755Fakamaru 38.223589.4
Rapa Iti Austral Islands98741Ahurei 38.7553013.7
Raivavae (commune) Austral Islands98739Mahanatoa 17.5297755.8
Rimatara (commune) Austral Islands98743Amaru 10.390788.1
Rurutu Austral Islands98744Moerai 33.32240472.1
Tubuai (commune) Austral Islands98753Mataura 46229449.9
Bora-Bora Leeward Islands98714Vaitape 41.559700233.5
Huahine Leeward Islands98724Fare 80643080.4
Maupiti Leeward Islands98728Vaiea 25.5125649.3
Uturoa Leeward Islands98758Capital of RaiateaUturoa 15.833900246.4
Tumaraa Leeward Islands98754on RaiateaTumaraa 70.23395056.2
Taputapuatea Leeward Islands98750on RaiateaTaputapuatea 87.1500057.4
Tahaa Leeward Islands98745Patio 92.15530157.5
Moorea-MaiaoWindward Islands98729Afareaitu 146.717460119.0
ArueWindward Islands9871221.549632442.8
FaaaWindward Islands9871534.330016866.5
Hitiaa O Te RaWindward Islands98722Hitiaa219965043.7
MahinaWindward Islands9872551.814500277.4
PaeaWindward Islands9873364.7512666193.7
PaparaWindward Islands9873492.811250120.1
PapeeteWindward Islands98735Capital City17.4275001481.0
PiraeWindward Islands9873635.514270398.0
PunaauiaWindward Islands9873876.227900363.0
Taiarapu-EstWindward Islands98747Taravao219.11237556.1
Taiarapu-OuestWindward Islands98748Vairao104.7771573.0
Teva I UtaWindward Islands98752Mataiea120.5950078.0
French Polynesia Papeete 374727480073.3

Notes

For French administrative convenience, Clipperton Island had been attached to French Polynesia until February 20, 2007, but never formed part of any administrative subdivision or commune of French Polynesia. On February 21, 2007, Clipperton Island was transferred from the High Commissioner of the republic in French Polynesia to the Minister of Overseas France.[1] [2] [3]

Area statistics

The communes of French Polynesia have the following statistical info: The average size of French Polynesian communes is 78.06 km², while the median area is 55.4 km², higher than the average and median areas of metropolitan French communes (14.88 km² and 10.73 km², respectively), but the size of these communes is predominantly dependent on the land area of the islands they occupy.

Population statistics

The communes of French Polynesia have the following statistical info: The average commune population is 5,725, while the median is 2,268, much higher than the average and median metropolitan French commune (1,542 and 380, respectively).

Sources :

Table of islands

Island Capital Other Cities Area (km²) Population
French Polynesia Papeete Faa, Punaauia 3747274800
Austral Islands Mataura Rurutu 145.897112
Bass Islands (French Polynesia) Ahurei Area, Kutuni 38.75530
Marotiri Southern Rock Western Rock, Northern Rock, Central Rock 0.0430
Other Rapa Tauturau 0.2070
Rapa Iti Ahurei Area, Kutuni 38.5530
Raivavae (commune) Mahanatoa Rairua, Anatonu, Vaiuru 17.52977
Motu Araoo 0.250
Motu Haaamu Haaamu 0.692
Motu Hotuatua 0.020
Motu Tabu 0.020
Motu Vaiamanu Point Nord Fale 0.70
Other Motu Mano Motu Haha 0.890
Raivavae Mahanatoa Rairua, Anatonu, Vaiuru 14.95975
Rimatara (commune) Amaru Anapoto, Mutuaura 10.3907
Iles Maria Ile du Nordet Ile de l ’Ouest, Ile Centrale, Ile du Sud 1.90
Rimatara Amaru Anapoto, Mutuaura 8.4907
Rurutu Moerai Hauti, Naairoa, Narui, Avera, Vitaria, Unaa 33.322404
Tubuai (commune) Mataura Taahueia, Mahu 462294
Other Motu Roa Motu One, Motu Rautaro, Motu Toena, Motu Mitiha, Motu ’ofa’i, Iri’iriroa, Plat island 0.40
Tubuai Mataura Taahueia, Mahu 45.62294
Iles Tuamotu-Gambier Rangiroa Fakarava, Takaroa, Makemo, Hao, Mangareva 921.8617940
Anaa (commune) Tukuhora Hitianau 59912
Anaa Tukuhora Tukuhora Sud, Temarie, Otepipi, Mania, Tematahoa 38504
Faaite Hitianau Paumotu, Teporioha 9408
Motutunga passe nord-ouest passe nord-est 2.50
Tahanea Otau Motupuapua, Teavatapu 9.50
Arutua (commune) Rautini Raitahi, Niutahi 49.51510
Apataki Niutahi Tapu, Nuutina, Aimonu, Pakaka, Tamaro, Ruavahine, tehere 21352
Arutua Rautini Manina, Porofai, Patatihi, Ellis, Oehavana, Mahuta, Motuone, Tevai, Mairava 15682
Kaukura Raitahi Faape, Tumu atata, Papaoa, Panao, Eraro 13.5476
Fakarava (commune) Rotoava Tearavero, Paparara, Tupana, tetamanu 143.61800
Aratika Paparara Oterekia, Fainukea, tamaketa 8.3170
Fakarava Rotoava Tumakohua, Garuae, Tetamanu, Hirifa, Utukainga, Teatea, Maitai resort, Motu Aito 24.1837
Kauehi Tearavero Patuuru, Toauau, Mahuehue, Toetoe, Taromatahara 16474
Niau Tupana Ofare, Anse Lac 53229
Raraka Motutapu 1460
Taiaro Paganie 16.20
Toau Maragai Anse Amyot, Otugi, Fakatahuna, Tuamotu 1230
Fangatau (commune) Teana Tarione 20.95306
Fakahina Tarione Pukarahi, Apataki, Hokikakika, Point de beton 11.55158
Fangatau Teana Teana est, Farariki 9.4148
Gambier (commune) other Auorotini Vaitutaki, Araumu, Vainono 32.06245
Acteon Group Tenarunga Vahanga 13.460
Maria Est 3.750
Marutea Sud Auorotini Vaitutaki, Araumu, Vainono 12245
Morane (French Polynesia) pointe sud 2.850
Gambier Islands Rikitea Atituiti, Gatavake, Kirimiro, Taku, Aukena 29.571319
Akamaru Akamaru Pointe Nord Est, Tokani 2.0122
Angakauitai Agakauitai 0.7382
Aukena Plage de Aukena Purirau 1.47240
Kamaka (island) Johnny Raisin mansion 0.484
Makaroa Makaroa 0.1660
Mangareva Rikitea Atituiti, Ganutu, Atiaoha, Gatavake, Kirimiro, Apeakava, Taku, Gahutu, Akaputu, gaheata, Anarikigaro 14.21240
Mekiro Mekiro Pearl farm 0.0760
Other Gaioio Vaiatekue, Apou, Tuaeu, Kouaku, Motu-O-Ari, Makapu, Manui 0.5850
Papuri 0.160
Puaumu Puaumu 0.1430
Tarauru Roa Tarauru Roa 0.3030
Taravai Agonoko Agakauiuta, Aganui 5.099
Tauna Tauna 0.020
Teauaone Teauaone 0.1940
Tekava Tekava Pearl farm 0.0780
Temoe Tupa Orotu, Panuikakao, Mootagi, Omenii, Tokeye, Tutapu, Kurara, Ouia, Pakake, Koutuma 30
Totegegie Tuaeu point Tarauru point 0.8552
Hao (commune) Otepa Kaki, Ikitake, Otetu 97.71630
Ahunui Nord-ouest point 5.40
Amanu Ikitake ville (17.43.15-140.39.7), ville (17.47.51-140.41.55), ville (17.51.50-140.46.8), ville (17.54.42-140.49.58) 15.55230
Duke of Gloucester Islands Otetu 17.7266
Hao (French Polynesia) Otepa Plage College, Plage Aerodome, Kaki, Topitere, Nake, Ngake, Tehakoro 351275
Manuhangi Point Nord 3.750
Nengonengo Wan pearl farm 954
Other 0.070
Paraoa Nord-ouest point 40
Rekareka Tehuata 3.310
Tauere Rangihoa Kahoreva 3.95
Hikueru (commune) Tupapati Vaiori, Reitoru 29.3255
Hikueru Tupapati 5.55152
Marokau Vaiori Topitike 13.593
Ravahere Point Nord 70
Reitoru Reitoru 2.310
Tekokota Tekokota 0.950
Makemo (commune) Pouheva Tetauruga, Hitianau, Garumaoa, Ohomo, Henuparea 120.51710
Haraiki Opipine Hotuea 4.0520
Hiti Hiti 2.850
Katiu Hitianau Toini, Okarare, Pakata 10270
Makemo Pouheva Tetauruga, Ohetaiheto, Tekotaha, Tikaora, Ougauga, Tatupatupa, Mokore, Vavaiha, Punaruku, Taheta, Tikaranga. Ohava, teragi, Titoi, Tapuhira, Teanuanua 35900
Marutea Nord passe Nord-est 5.10
Nihiru Tatake 9.920
Raroia Garumaoa Emari, Motu est, Garumaoa sud 19.5250
Taenga Henuparea Tiritepakau 15.5120
Takume Ohomo Eglise de passe 10.5130
Tepoto Sud Tepoto Sud 2.10
Tuanake Passe du sud 60
Manihi (commune) Paeua Tairapa, Tenukupara 31.71320
Ahe Tenukupara Poro-Poro, Patukiruki, Haka, Teararoa, Motuihi, Ro, Rahotanga, Ata, Tiareroa, Tomina, Tamarahi, Terekia, Rokati, Pirake keke, Toriri, Turipokopoko, Papi, Kamoka, Pahereroa, Orau, Karine 14.5570
Manihi Paeua Tairapa, Turipaoa, Tihohora, Taugaraufara, Paharatakarari, Kahoe, Teahumotu, Maraegaro, Tokivera, Farekura, Tetupatupakatakata, Marakorako, Kamoka 17.2750
Napuka (commune) Tepukamaruia Tehekega 11.2370
Napuka Tepukamaruia Ogoio, grand motu nord 9.19300
Tepoto Nord Tehekega 2.0170
Nukutavake (commune) Tavananui Mohitu, Ahurua 17.25360
Akiaki Huripuga 1.320
Nukutavake Tavananui pointe nord-ouest 5.5195
Other 0.010
Pinaki Tarahope 1.80
Vahitahi Mohitu 4.45107
Vairaatea Ahurua Vairaatea Sud 4.1758
Other 00
Puka-Puka (commune) Teonemahina 12.8167
Puka-Puka Teonemahina 12.8167
Rangiroa (commune) Avatoru Ohutu, Tiputa, Tuherahera 148.83467
Makatea Moumu Vaitepaua, Temao 28.870
Mataiva Pahua Vaitoe, Aviu, Tevaihara, Mania, Papanui, Oatea 16.2287
Rangiroa Avatoru Papiro, Vaimate, Tevaiohie, Ohutu, Reporepo, Tiputa, Hararu, Mahitu, Tevaro, Otepipi, Fenuaroa, Taeo’o, Mahuta 792539
Tikehau Tuherahera Kahaia, Pearl Island, Ohihi, Tematuopapahia, Teavatia, Hararu, Tuheiava, Mamaa, Ninamu 24.8571
Reao (commune) Tapuarava Marautagaroa 31.36620
Pukarua Marautagaroa Plage de Aerodome, Maite 11.31232
Reao Tapuarava 20.05388
Takaroa (commune) Teavaroa Fakatopatere 36.851290
Takapoto Fakatopatere Okukina 15390
Takaroa Teavaroa Tauonae, Fatua, Poerangi, Moturua, Chamelot’s Island, Tikaeho, Nake, Ranbi, Oehai 18.2900
Tikei Tereporepo 3.650
Tatakoto (commune) Tumukuru 11.5301
Tatakoto Tumukuru Tahunatara, Fakarava, pointe sud ouest 11.5301
Tureia (commune) Fakamaru Tehakoro, Vanavana, Kathie, Kilo 38.22358
Fangataufa Kilo Pingouin, Manchot, Pavillon, Terme, Marvi, Canard, Echo, Fox, Fregate 50
Moruroa Kathie Dindon, Faucon, Fregate, Zoe, Yvonne, Therese, Simone, Reine, Odette, Nicole, Anemone, Martine, Lea, Irene, Helene, Gisele, Denise, Daniele, Colette 120
Tematangi Tehakoro Port Tematangi, point est, Tuihana, Temahui 8.558
Tureia Fakamaru Tahiri, teamuiga, Hapai, Tetavakeroa, Tekaruga 10.12300
Vanavana Vanavana 2.60
Leeward Islands (Society Islands) Uturoa Vaitape, Avera, Tevaitoa, Faanui 412.2535511
Bora-Bora Vaitape Faanui, Anau 30.559690
Ahuha Ahuha 0.0395
Bora-Bora Vaitape Faanui, Tiipoto, Tereia, Vairupe, Taihii, Hitiaa, Paorie, Taimoo, Haamaira, Fitiuu, Vairou, Anau, Pererau, Mohio, Paoaoa, Faaoporo, Taahana, Matira, Point Ratiti, Amanahune, Povai, Vaiotaha 19.919455
Haapiti Haapiti Rahi Haapiti Iti 0.0372
Havae Havae 0.0530
Miri Miri Miri Miri 0.0440
Motu Mute Airport Mute Paharire Point 1.2032
Motu Paahi Blue Heaven Island 0.19420
Mouti Mouti 0.11510
Mouti Iti Eco Lodge Mai Moana 0.0170
Ome Ome Alice et Raphael point, Tooparopae 1.08720
Other 0.0120
Piti Aau Piti Aau Fareone Point, Taurere, Tupitipiti Point, Revareva Ranch, Eden Beach, Thalasso Intercontinental, Le Meridien 2.2550
Pitiuu Tai Pitiuu Tai 0.0322
Pitiuu Uta Sofitel Motu resort 0.0342
Pitoraverahi 0.0260
Tane Paul-Emile Victor mansion 0.0142
Tape Tape 0.0260
Tapu Tapu 0.0260
Taufarii Lagoonarium 0.0590
Tevairoa Tevairoa Pearl Beach resort, Paopeo point 2.36310
Tofari Tofari St. Regis, Vaitoto Point, 4 Seasons, Tenanamu, Tuatefau, Temiromiro, Temahu, Iva, Terochu 1.33250
Toopua Tehou bay Banana Cafe beach, Lagoon resort, Nui resort 1.4550
Toopua Iti Toopua Iti 0.060
Tupaia 00
Tupaia Tupaia 0.12610
Tupe 0.0280
Vananui 0.0130
Huahine Fare Faie, Fitii, Haapu, Maeva, Maroe, Parea, Tefarerii 806430
Huahine Iti Haapu Maroe, Tefarerii, Mahuti, Parea, Auea 282142
Huahine Nui Fare Fitii, Bourayne, Faie, Farehau, Maeva, Pahiti 49.64239
Motu Araara Araara 0.272
Motu Mahare Mahare 0.1830
Motu Murimaora Taiahu 1.125
Motu Topatii Topatii 0.0032
Motu Vaiorea Vaiorea 0.07510
Motu Vavaratea Vavaratea Pearl farm 0.7610
Other 0.0090
Maupiti (commune) Vaiea 25.51256
Manuae (Society Islands) Taputu 4.8921
Maupihaa Maupelia 4.5815
Maupiti Vaiea 12.061220
Motu One (Society Islands) Motu One 3.970
Other 00
Raiatea Uturoa Tumaraa, Taputapuatea 173.0512832
Motu Iriru Iriru 0.0320
Motu Ofetaro Ofetaro 0.0330
Motu Taoru Taoru 0.0562
Motu Tiano Tiano 0.0644
Other Tipaemaua Oatara, Nao Nao, Haalo, Roa, Horea, Tehurui 0.7650
Raiatea Uturoa Vairahi, Avera, Faaroa, Faarepaiti, Opoa, Hotopuu, Haape, Puohine, Faatemu, Fetuna, Tuuroto, Vaihuti, Vaiaau, Tehurui, tetooroa, Tevaitoa, Tuu Fenua, Pufau, Fafao, Tainu 172.112826
Tahaa Patio 92.155301
Motu Po’araara Tehutu 1.0330
Motu Mahaea Mahaea 0.020
Motu Porou La Pirogue 0.375
Motu Tautau Tahaa Private Island resort Motuaivi 0.39520
Motu Toahotu Toahotu 0.072
Motu Tuvahine Vahine Island resort 0.120
Other Moute Tetimaru, Otia, Mahana, Moie 1.1622
Tahaa Patio Hipu, Raei, Faaaha, Haamene, Vaitoare, Apu, Poutoru, Hurepiti, Tiva, Tapuamu 895252
Tupai Tupai Nord Tupai Sud 112
Marquesas Islands Taiohae Atuona, Tahuata, Fatu Hiva, Hakahau, Hakamaii 1062.129835
Fatu Hiva (commune) Omo’a Hanavave, Oui 84.802636
Fatu Hiva Omo’a Oi, Hanavave, Pointe Teaitehoe, Tevai, Hanateone, Hanamoohe, Ouia, Pointe Matakoo, Pointe Teae, Pointe Mahitoa 84.8636
Motu Nau Motu Nau 0.0020
Hiva-Oa Atuona Puamau 324.62447
Fatu Huku Fatu Huku 0.70
Hanakee Hanakee 0.050
Hiva Oa Atuona Puanei, Matautu, Mataua, Tehakahami, Pointe Teohotepapapa, Cap Matafenua, Puamau, Hanapaoa, Matau, Hanatekuua, Hanaiapa, Pointe Matatepai, Hanaui, Hanamenu, Pointe Kiukiu, Tepaapaa, Point Teaehoa, Ta’a Oa 3112447
Mohotani Puhioono Pointe Sud, Pointe Nord 12.630
Terihi Terihi 0.220
Nuku-Hiva Taiohae Hatiheu, Taipivai 389.943153
Eiao Sophie camp Vaituha, Obitufa, Baie du Charner, Cap sans nom, Motuhiva, Baie du Avaneo 40.10
Hatu Iti Motu Iti Ilot Est 0.280
Hatutu pointe sud pointe nord, rocher remarquable 6.530
Motu One (Marquesas Islands) Motu One 0.030
Nuku Hiva Taiohae Tataka, Taipivai, Hooumi, Cap Tikapo, Point Toea, Haatuatua, Matautoa, Anaho, Hatiheu, Aakapa, Hakaea, Pua, Hakaehu, Motuhe, Hinahaapapa, Haahopu, Point Motumano, Hakaui, Taioa, Hakatea, Colette 3433153
Other 0.0080
Tahuata Vaitahu Motopu, Hanatetena, Hapatoni 69.85723
Ua Huka (commune) Vaipaee Hane, Hokatu 86.42633
Epiti 0.0050
Motu Hane Motu Hane 0.0530
Motu Papa Motu Papa 0.0270
Other Teuaua Motu Tapu, Tekohai, Hemeni 0.1350
Ua Huka Vaipaee Manihina, Hane, Hokatu, Hanaei, Katohau, Haavei 86.2633
Ua Pou (commune) Hakahau Hakamaii 106.52243
Motu Mokohe Mokohe Iti Mokohe Rahi 0.20
Motu Oa Motu Oa 0.3670
Other 0.0330
Ua Pou Hakahau Matateauiki, Aneou, Hakahetau, Haakuti, Hakaotu, Hakamaii, Hapateki, Hikeu, Uapo, Hakatao, Anapua, Hohoi, Paaumea, Hakamoui, Anahoa 105.92243
Windward Islands (Society Islands) Papeete Faa, Punaauia, Paopao 1204.62204400
Maiao Taora-o-mere Avarei, Roto Iti, Paparoa 12.78340
Mehetia Mehetia camp 2.10
Moorea Afareaitu Paopao, Maharepa, Temae, Teavaro, Vai’are, Farehau, Haumi, Maatea, Atiha, Haapiti, Paeau, Papetoai, Piha’ena 133.517100
Moorea Islands Motu Fareohe Motu Ahi, Motu Tiahura, Haaru 0.3620
Other 00
Tahiti Papeete Pirae, Arue, Mahine, Papenoo, Tiarei, Hitiaa, Faaone, Taravao, Pueu, Tautira, Toahotu, Vairao, Afaahiti, Papeari, Mataiea, Papara, Paea, Punaauia, Faaa 1050.2186900
Tahiti Islands Maeva Motu Martin, Motu Au, Aihuta, Motu Tapiri, Mataeia, Vaitunane 0.0810
Tetiaroa Onetahi Rimatuu, Tahuna, Reiono, Aie, Oroatera, Hiraanae, Auroa, Tauini, Tiaraunu, Honuea 5.630
French Polynesia Papeete Faa, Punaauia 3747274800

See also

References

  1. ↑ Ben Cahoon. "French Minor Dependencies". Worldstatesmen.org.
  2. ↑ France. http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?ref_id=populegalescom&page=recensement/populegalescom/popcomseupolynesie.htm. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ↑ French Polynesia. http://www.polynesie-francaise.pref.gouv.fr/. Missing or empty |title= (help)

Sources

Notes

  1. ^ Journal officiel de la République française ("Official Journal of the French Republic"), May 20, 1972.
  2. ^ Journal officiel de la République française, December 25, 1971, according to decree #72-407 of May 17, 1972 ('Journal officiel de la République française, May 20, July 1972, and 9 1972).


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