463d Operations Group

463d Operations Group

463d C-130 Hercules aircraft on a Minimum Interval Takeoff at the start of a mass airdrop exercise at Dyess
Active 1943-1945; 1953-1957; 1991-1993
Country  United States
Branch  United States Air Force
Role Airlift
Part of Air Mobility Command
Nickname(s) The Swoose Group (World War II)[1]
Motto(s) Turris in Coelis Latin Fortress in the Sky (World War II)[1]
Decorations Distinguished Unit Citation Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Insignia
463d Operations Group emblem
463d Bombardment Group emblem[1]
World War II tail marking[1] Y on an inverted, arced triangle, yellow rudder

The United States Air Force's 463d Operations Group was a tactical airlift unit last stationed at Dyess Air Force Base, Texas. It was inactivated on 1 October 1993.

During World War II as the 463d Bombardment Unit, it was second-to-last B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bomber group trained in the United States. It was deployed to Southern Italy as part of the Fifteenth Air Force in March 1944.

History

World War II

B-17s of the 463d Bomb Group in formation Douglas/Long Beach B-17G-60-DL Flying Fortress 44-46700 identifiable.
Boeing TB-17G-70-BO Fortress 43-37709 assigned to Avon Park AAF as a combat crew trainer

Constituted as 463d Bombardment Group (Heavy) on 19 May 1943. Activated on 1 August 1943. Trained with Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses for duty overseas. Moved to Italy, February–March 1944, and assigned to Fifteenth Air Force. Operational squadrons were the 772d, 773d, 774th and 775th Bombardment Squadrons.

Entered combat on 30 March 1944 and operated chiefly against strategic objectives. Attacked such targets as marshaling yards, oil refineries, and aircraft factories in Italy, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Greece.

The group received a Distinguished Unit Citation for bombing oil refineries in Ploiești on 18 May 1944: when clouds limited visibility to such an extent that other groups turned back, the 463d proceeded to Ploiești and, though crippled by opposition from interceptors and flak, rendered destructive blows to both the target and the enemy fighters.

Received a second Distinguished Unit Citation for leading the wing through three damaging enemy attacks to bomb tank factories in Berlin on 24 March 1945. Also engaged interdiction and support missions. Bombed bridges during May and June 1944 in the campaign for the liberation of Rome.

Participated in the invasion of Southern France in August 1944 by striking bridges, gun positions, and other targets. Hit communications such as railroad bridges, marshalling yards, and airdromes in the Balkans. Operated primarily against communications in northern Italy during March and April 1945.

The "Swoose" Group was commanded by Col. Frank Kurtz, a pre-war Olympic swimmer and pilot of the famed B-17 "The Swoose" in the Pacific during 1941–42.

After V-E Day, transported personnel from Italy to Casablanca for return to the US. Inactivated in Italy on 25 September 1945. Flew 222 combat missions; 91 aircraft lost.

Cold War

Main article: 463d Airlift Group

The group was redesignated 463d Troop Carrier Group in 1952 and activated at Memphis Airport, Tennessee on 16 January 1953. The group was assigned to the 463d Troop Carrier Wing and equipped with Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcars. It received its personnel and aircraft from the 516th Troop Carrier Group, a reserve unit that had been called to active duty for the Korean War, which was simultaneously inactivated. On 1 September, the wing moved to Ardmore Air Force Base, Oklahoma. In 1957 it began replacing its C-119s with the new Lockheed C-130A Hercules] turboprop transport. In September 1957 the group was inactivated and its squadrons assigned directly to the 463d Wing.

The group was redesignated 463d Operations Group and reactivated at Dyess Air Force Base, Texas in November 1991 as part of the Air Force's Objective Wing reorganization. The group was inactivated on 1 October 1993 and its personnel and equipment were transferred to the incoming 7th Operations Group

Lineage

Activated on 1 August 1943
Redesignated 463d Bombardment Group, Heavy on 29 September 1944
Inactivated on 25 September 1945
Activated on 16 January 1953
Inactivated 25 September 1957
Activated on 1 November 1991
Inactivated on 1 October 1993

Assignments

Components

Stations

Aircraft

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Watkins, pp. 110-111
  2. ↑ Department of the Air Force/MPM Letter 648q, 31 July 1985, Subject: Reconstitution, Redesignation, and Consolidation of Selected Air Force Organizations

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/.

External links

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