1889 in Brazil

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Incumbents

Head of state - Emperor Pedro II (until 15 November); de facto President: Field Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca (from 15 November)
Prime Minister - João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira (until 7 June); Afonso Celso, Viscount of Ouro Preto (7 June - 15 November)

3 May – The Cabinet of João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira loses a vote of no confidence.
7 June – Afonso Celso de Assis Figuereido, Viscount of Ouro Preto, is appointed to replace Correia de Oliveira as prime minister.^[1]
July – Emperor Dom Pedro II travels to Minas Gerais, demonstrating both that he is still actively engaged in government and the depth of support for the monarchy in the province.^[2]^[3]
11 November – Republicans meet at the home of Rui Barbosa to plan a coup. The chief organizers are Benjamin Constant, Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, Quintino Bocaiúva and Aristides Lobo.
15 November – A coup d'état institutes the First Brazilian Republic.^[4]^[5]^[6]
17 November – Emperor Dom Pedro II and his family are sent into exile in Europe.^[7]
19 November – A new national flag, devised by Raimundo Teixeira Mendes, is adopted by the republic.
24 December – The former royal family receive official notice that they will never be allowed to return to Brazil.

29 March – Teófilo Dias, poet, journalist and lawyer (b. 1854)^[8]
26 June – Tobias Barreto, poet, philosopher, jurist and critic (b. 1839)^[9]
28 June – Francisco Otaviano, poet, lawyer, diplomat, journalist and politician (b. 1825)
21 October – Irineu Evangelista de Sousa, Viscount of Mauá, entrepreneur, industrialist, banker and politician (b. 1813)
28 December – Empress Teresa Cristina, wife of Emperor Dom Pedro II (b. 1822)^[10]

↑ Carvalho, José Murilo de (2007). D. Pedro II: ser ou não ser (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. p. 205. ISBN 978-85-359-0969-2.
↑ Barman, Roderick J. (1999). Citizen Emperor: Pedro II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3510-0.
↑ Calmon, Pedro (1975). História de D. Pedro II (in Portuguese). 1–5. Rio de Janeiro: José Olímpio. p. 352.
↑ Barman, Roderick J. (1999). Citizen Emperor: Pedro II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3510-0.
↑ Calmon, Pedro (1975). História de D. Pedro II (in Portuguese). 1–5. Rio de Janeiro: José Olímpio.
↑ Lira, Heitor (1977). História de Dom Pedro II (1825–1891): Declínio (1880–1891) (in Portuguese). 3. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia.
↑ Carvalho, José Murilo de (2007). D. Pedro II: ser ou não ser (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. p. 220. ISBN 978-85-359-0969-2.
↑ Teófilo Dias' biography at the official site of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (Portuguese)
↑ Tobias Barreto's biography at the official site of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (Portuguese)
↑ Barman, Roderick J. (1999). Citizen Emperor: Pedro II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 371. ISBN 978-0-8047-3510-0.

Years in Brazil (1822-present)

1889 in South America

Sovereign states	Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela

Dependencies and other territories	Falkland Islands French Guiana South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

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