GSTA3
Glutathione S-transferase A3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSTA3 gene.[3][4][5]
Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes are involved in cellular defense against toxic, carcinogenic, and pharmacologically active electrophilic compounds. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-tranferase belonging to the alpha class genes that are located in a cluster mapped to chromosome 6. Genes of the alpha class are highly related and encode enzymes with glutathione peroxidase activity. However, during evolution, this alpha class gene diverged accumulating mutations in the active site that resulted in differences in substrate specificity and catalytic activity. The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the double bond isomerization of precursors for progesterone and testosterone during the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. An additional transcript variant has been identified, but its full length sequence has not been determined.[5]
References
Further reading
- Johansson AS, Mannervik B (2001). "Human glutathione transferase A3-3, a highly efficient catalyst of double-bond isomerization in the biosynthetic pathway of steroid hormones.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (35): 33061–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104539200. PMID 11418619.
- Johansson AS, Mannervik B (2002). "Active-site residues governing high steroid isomerase activity in human glutathione transferase A3-3.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (19): 16648–54. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201062200. PMID 11872752.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241
. PMID 12477932.
- Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.". Nature. 425 (6960): 805–11. doi:10.1038/nature02055. PMID 14574404.
- Tetlow N, Coggan M, Casarotto MG, Board PG (2005). "Functional polymorphism of human glutathione transferase A3: effects on xenobiotic metabolism and steroid biosynthesis.". Pharmacogenetics. 14 (10): 657–63. doi:10.1097/00008571-200410000-00003. PMID 15454730.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
- Gu Y, Guo J, Pal A, et al. (2005). "Crystal structure of human glutathione S-transferase A3-3 and mechanistic implications for its high steroid isomerase activity.". Biochemistry. 43 (50): 15673–9. doi:10.1021/bi048757g. PMID 15595823.
- Suzuki T, Delgado-Escueta AV, Alonso ME, et al. (2006). "Mutation analyses of genes on 6p12-p11 in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.". Neurosci. Lett. 405 (1–2): 126–31. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.06.038. PMID 16876319.
PDB gallery |
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| 1gsd: GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE A1-1 IN UNLIGANDED FORM |
| 1gse: GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE A1-1 COMPLEXED WITH AN ETHACRYNIC ACID GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATE (MUTANT R15K) |
| 1gsf: GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE A1-1 COMPLEXED WITH ETHACRYNIC ACID |
| 1guh: STRUCTURE DETERMINATION AND REFINEMENT OF HUMAN ALPHA CLASS GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE A1-1, AND A COMPARISON WITH THE MU AND PI CLASS ENZYMES |
| 1k3l: Crystal Structure Analysis of S-hexyl-glutathione Complex of Glutathione Transferase at 1.5 Angstroms Resolution |
| 1k3o: Crystal Structure Analysis of apo Glutathione S-Transferase |
| 1k3y: Crystal Structure Analysis of human Glutathione S-transferase with S-hexyl glutatione and glycerol at 1.3 Angstrom |
| 1pkw: Crystal structure of human glutathione transferase (GST) A1-1 in complex with glutathione |
| 1pkz: Crystal structure of human glutathione transferase (GST) A1-1 |
| 1pl1: Crystal structure of human glutathione transferase (GST) A1-1 in complex with a decarboxy-glutathione |
| 1pl2: Crystal structure of human glutathione transferase (GST) A1-1 T68E mutant in complex with decarboxy-glutathione |
| 1tdi: Crystal Structure of hGSTA3-3 in Complex with Glutathione |
| 1usb: RATIONAL DESIGN OF A NOVEL ENZYME - EFFICIENT THIOESTER HYDROLYSIS ENABLED BY THE INCORPORATION OF A SINGLE HIS RESIDUE INTO HUMAN GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE A1-1 |
| 1xwg: Human GST A1-1 T68E mutant |
| 1ydk: Crystal structure of the I219A mutant of human glutathione transferase A1-1 with S-hexylglutathione |
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